COMMUNITY AND APPLIED NUTRITION

• What is the collective action taken by a society to protect and promote the health of entire populations, involving the art and science of preventing disease and prolonging life through organized efforts of society?

  Public Health (Gibney, Margetts, Kearney, and Arab, 2004)
• What is defined as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort, aiming to enable every citizen to realize their birthright of health and longevity?

  Public Health (Kaufman, 1990)
• What is an effort organized by society to protect, promote, and restore people's health through the application of science, practical skills, and collective actions, focusing on protecting and promoting health through societal actions?

  Public Health (Boyle, 2003)
• What is a social and political concept aimed at improving health, prolonging life, and enhancing the quality of life among entire populations through health promotion, disease prevention, and other forms of health intervention?

  Public Health (WHO, 1998)
• What is defined as the theory and practice of nutrition as a science through organized community efforts, with the family as the smallest unit under study?

  Public Health Nutrition
• Of the ten leading causes of death, which five diseases are associated with diet?

  Heart diseases, vascular system diseases, cancers, diabetes, and renal diseases.
• Of the ten leading causes of death, five are associated with diet (heart diseases, vascular system diseases, cancers, diabetes, and renal diseases). Which cause of death is associated with excessive alcohol consumption?

  Accidents
• According to Ruiz, Lagua, and Claudio (2012), which food components are considered potential public health issues?

  Dietary fiber, vitamin A, iodine, iron, fluoride, folacin, zinc, and vitamins B6 and C.
• According to Lawrence and Worsley (2007), what is the definition of public health nutrition provided by The World Public Health Nutrition Association, as stated in The Barcelona Declaration 2006?

  Public health nutrition is defined as the promotion and maintenance of nutrition-related health and well-being of populations through the organized efforts and informed choices of society.
• What approach focuses on promoting good health through nutrition, preventing nutrition-related illness in the population, and operates within a public health framework, utilizing epidemiology and health promotion?

  Public health nutrition (Gibney, Margetts, Kearney, and Arab, 2004)
• What is defined as a planned nutrition activity in the community with clear and specific objectives, a designated target audience, and specific methods and measurements of changes?

  Public Health Nutrition Program
• According to Boyle (2003), what defines a community?

  A community is defined as a group of people located in a particular space, including cyberspace, who share values and interact within a social system.
• As per Boyle (2003), what is the aim of community nutrition?


  The aim of community nutrition is to prevent disease and improve health by enhancing the public's eating habits.
• How does Boyle (2003) define policy?

  Boyle (2003) defines policy as a course of action chosen by public authorities to address a given problem.
• According to Boyle (2003), what are programs in the context of community nutrition?

  Programs are instruments used by community nutritionists to seek behavior changes that improve nutritional status and health.
• What field of study involves examining the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, with the goal of controlling health problems?

  Epidemiology
• What is the definition of epidemiology according to Edelstein (2011)?

  Epidemiology is the study of disease distribution within a population and the factors, both protective and promoting, that influence the occurrence of disease.
• What is the term for the application of epidemiological techniques to understand disease causation in populations where exposure to one or more nutritional factors is considered significant, as described by Gibney et al. (2004)?

  Nutritional epidemiology
• According to the World Health Organization (WHO), how is health defined?

  Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease.
• How can health be represented according to the statement provided?

  Health can be represented in a continuum, ranging from the presence of disease, impairment, or disability at one end to freedom from disease or injury at the other.
• From an ecological viewpoint, how is health defined, considering the interaction of humans among themselves and with their environment?

  Health is characterized by "anatomic integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with physical, biological, and social stress; a feeling of well-being; and freedom from the risk of disease and untimely death."
• What are the determinants of health under BIOLOGY?

  Sex, Age, Race, and Hereditary Factors
• Determinants of Health under LIFESTYLE?

  Physical Activity, Diet, Hobbies, Leisure-time Activities, Use of Drugs, Religion, Safety Practices, Medical Self-care, Stress Management.
• This are health determinants that consist of Housing, Education, Occupation, Income, Social Networks (Family, Friends, Coworkers), Socioeconomic Status/Class?

  Living, Working, and Social Condition
• What factors encompass climate, geography, water supply, housing, healthcare facilities, social services, industries, government structure, health organizations, grocery stores, recreation, and transportation systems in a community?

  Community Conditions
• Which set of factors influences food and nutrition, encompassing the national food and nutrition policy, national minimum wage, cultural beliefs and values, advertising, media messages, and the food distribution system?

  Background Conditions
• Charles Edward Winslow


  An early advocate for public health who defined it as "the science and the art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts of the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequately for the maintenance of health"
• How does nutrition differ as a science compared to the practice of public health nutrition?

  Nutrition as a science is objective, while the practice of public health nutrition involves a blend of science and art.
• What should be the foundation of public health nutrition programs, and how are they typically developed?

  Public health nutrition programs should be evidence-based, drawing from scientific studies and the critical evaluation of research findings.
• In what ways does public health nutrition combine scientific principles with artistic considerations, and why is this combination important?

  Public health nutrition is both a science and an art; while scientific knowledge informs interventions, the art aspect is crucial for navigating political, logistical, and cultural challenges to ensure the success of these interventions.
• What is the primary focus of public health nutrition, particularly in terms of its emphasis on health?

  Public health nutrition prioritizes disease prevention and the promotion of well-being.
• How does public health nutrition aim to address disease prevention and minimize their impacts?

  Public health nutrition directs attention towards healthy eating habits as a means to prevent diseases and reduce their adverse effects.
• What aspects does public health nutrition encompass to promote healthy eating habits?

  Public health nutrition addresses the availability and accessibility of sufficient, healthy foods while also encouraging individuals to consume these foods for better health.
• What advantage do community-based approaches offer in terms of reaching a large number of people with programs and interventions?


  Community-based approaches enable programs and interventions to reach large numbers of people.
• What underlying belief does public health hold regarding the relationship between environments and health?

  An assumption of public health is that individuals and communities require wholesome environments to maintain health.
• What are some examples of public health interventions that aim to create wholesome environments and promote health?

  Public health interventions may include regulations on pollutants, vaccination programs, and education on and provision of facilities for handwashing.
• How can education on handwashing and personal hygiene contribute to improving public health outcomes?

  It can help reduce instances of foodborne illness and promote overall health by preventing contamination and the spread of pathogens.
• What are some essential requirements for public health agencies responsible for assessing and responding to public health needs?

  Public health agencies require funding to operate, authority to respond to needs, and regulations defining administration and duties.
• What fundamental role does healthcare play in the overall health of individuals and communities?

  Healthcare is basic to health, forming a crucial component in maintaining and improving overall well-being for individuals and communities alike.
• What metaphor is commonly used to describe the approach of public health in addressing health concerns?

  Public health is often likened to "going upstream," indicating its focus on intervening closer to the source of health threats.