Animal biology

• Function of ATP

  Atp helps in maintaining cell structure by facilitating assemble and disassembly of elements of the cytoskeleton

  Atp help in nuclei acid RNA synthesis.it is one of the four nucleotides incorporated into the RNA by the RNA polymerases.

  Atp provides energy for building up macro molecules

  Atp helps in secretion of cell products
• Respiratory quotient = CO2 consumed/O2 eliminated
• Spores


  Units of asexual reproduction
• Gametes


  Units of sexual reproduction
• Fertilization


  Sperm and ova fuse to form a zygote
• Syngamy


  Permanent fusion of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote
• Isogamy


  Two fusing gametes are similar to each other e.g monocytis
• Hologamy


  Two organisms act as gametes themselves e.g yeast
• Male reproductive organs


  • Testes
  • Ducts that carry sperms from the testes
  • Accessory gland that contributes to seminal fluid
  • Penis for the transfer of sperm
• Testes


  Where sperms and testosterone are produced
• Ducts carry sperms from the testes
• Accessory gland


  Contributes to seminal fluid
• Penis


  For the transfer of sperm