Endocrine System

• The endocrine system is composed of glands which secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream. The blood carries the hormone to a target organ where it produces an effect. Compared to the nervous system, the effects are slower but act for longer.
• The pituitary gland in the brain is a master gland which secretes several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions. These hormones in turn act on other glands to stimulate other hormones to be released to bring about effects.
• The thyroid:

  • produces thyroxine
  • regulates heart rate, rate of metabolism, and temperature
  • located in the throat
• The adrenal gland:

  • produces adrenaline
  • prepares body for a fight or flight response
  • located in abdomen, above the kidneys
• The pancreas:

  • produces insulin
  • regulates blood glucose level
  • located around kidneys
• Testes - male only:

  • Produce testosterone
  • controls puberty and sperm production
• Ovaries:

  • produce oestrogen
  • involved in menstrual cycle