memory

Cards (95)

  • memory
    encompasses retaining and utilizing information from past experiences in the present
  • Encoding
    Transformation of sensory data into mental representation
  • Storage
    Retention of encoded information
  • Retrieval
    Accessing and utilizing stored information
  • recall
    you produce a fact, a word, or other items from memory
  • types of recall tasks
    • serial recall, free recall, cued recall
  • Serial Recall
    Recall items in the exact order presented
  • Free Recall
    Recall items in any order chosen by the participant
  • Cued Recall (Paired-Associates Recall)
    Participants are shown items in pairs initially, but during recall, they are cued with only one member of each pair and asked to recall its mate
  • recognition
    you select or identify an item as being one that you have been exposed to previously
  • Relearning (Savings)
    Number of trials needed to relearn previously learned items
  • Recognition Memory Tasks
    it is like tapping into receptive knowledge
  • Receptive knowledge
    involves being responsive to a stimulus presented
  • Recall Memory Tasks
    Recall-memory tasks require expressive knowledge
  • Expressive knowledge
    involves producing an answer rather than just recognizing stimuli.
  • types of knowledge in memory task
    receptive knowledge and expressive knowledge
  • Explicit Memory
    Involves conscious recollection of information
  • Implicit Memory
    Utilizes information from memory without conscious awareness
  • Word-Completion Tasks
    participants are given a word fragment and asked to complete it with the first word that comes to mind.
  • Priming Effect
    Priming enhances the ability to utilize missing information
  • Subconscious Priming
    Priming can occur even when individuals are not consciously aware of having seen the word before.
  • Procedural Memory
    refers to memory for processes or skills
  • Implicit Memory Testing
    Procedural memory can be assessed through
  • Procedural Memory Testing
    Rotary Pursuit Task and Mirror-Tracing Task
  • Jacoby's process-dissociation model
    suggest that implicit and explicit memory both contribute to nearly every response. According to this model, a single task can measure both implicit and explicit memory processes.
  • TWO CONTRASTING MODELS OF MEMORY
    Atkinson and Shiffrin's Multi-store Model and Levels of Processing Model
  • William James
    distinguishing primary and secondary memory
  • primary memory
    holds temporary information currently in use
  • secondary information
    holds information permanently or at least for a very long time
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin's Multi-store Model
    This model explains memory in terms of three distinct memory stores.
  • Stores
    refer to the structures that hold information
  • Memory
    refers to the "information" itself
  • hypothetical constructs
    suggests that stores are concept that is not itself directly measurable or observable but that sense as mental models for understanding how a psychological phenomenon works
  • three distinct memory stores
    sensory store, the short-term store, and the long-term store
  • Sensory Store (also known as iconic store)

    capable of storing relatively limited amounts of information for brief period
  • iconic store(George Sperling)

    a discrete visual sensory register that holds information for very short periods
  • icons
    visual images resembling the objects or concepts they represent.
  • whole-report procedure
    participants report every symbol they have seen
  • partial-report procedure
    participants need to report only part of what they see
  • backward visual masking
    mental erasure of a stimulus caused by the placement of one stimulus where another one had previously appeared