HCI - CHAPTER 6

• Five Key Issues of Data Gathering:

  1. Setting Goals
  2. Identifying Participants
  3. Relationship with Participants
  4. Triangulation
  5. Pilot Studies
• Setting Goal


  decide how to analyze data once collected
• 2 types of Identifying Participants:

  1. Population
  2. Sampling
• 2 types of Sampling:

  1. Probability Sampling
  2. Non-probability sampling
• 2 examples of Probability sampling:

  1. Random
  2. Stratified
• 2 examples of non-probability sampling

  1. Convenience
  2. Volunteer panels
• In Relationship with Participants, it must be:

  1. Clear and,
  2. Professional
• In Relationship with participants, informed consent when appropriate is important.
• Random


  Is a type of sampling that can be achieved by using random number generator or by choosing every nth person in a list.
• Stratified


  Is a type of sampling that relies on being able to divide the population into groups.
• Triangulation


  refers to the investigation of a phenomenon from (at least) two different perspectives.
• more


  Triangulation is use ____ than one approach
• 4 types of triangulation:

  1. Triangulation of Data
  2. Investigator Triangulation
  3. Triangulation of Theories
  4. Methodological Triangulation
• Pilot Studies


  Small trial of main study
• Data Recording


  Notes, audio, video, photographs
• Data Recording examples:

  1. Notes, audio, video, photographs
  2. Notes plus photographs
  3. Audio plus photographs
  4. Video
• Notes and Photographs


  Least technical and most flexible way of recording data.
• Audio plus Photographs


  Allows observers to focus on the activity rather than trying to capture every spoken word.
• Audio plus Photographs


  Allows interviewer to pay more attention to the interviewee
• False


  Is transcribing an audio is not time consuming?
• Video


  the advantage of capturing both visual and audio data
• Interviews


  conversation with a purpose
• Kahn and Cannell (1957)


  who says, "Interview is a conversation with purpose."
• 4 types of interviews:

  1. Open-ended or unstructured
  2. Structured
  3. Semi-structured
  4. Group Interviews
• Unstructured


  are not directed by a script.
• Unstructured


  Rich but not replicable
• False


  Despite being unstructured and open it is always advisable for the interviewer to not have a plan of the main topics to be covered.
• Structured


  are tightly scripted, often like a questionnaire.
• Structured is replicable but may lack richness.
• Semi-structured


  guided by a script but interesting issues can be explored in more depth.
• Semi-structured can provide a good balance between richness and replicability.
• Focus Groups


  used in marketing, political campaigning, and social sciences research.
• 3-10 people


  In focus groups, normally how many people are involved?
• Focus Groups


  participants are selected to provide a representative sample of the target population.
• Focus Groups


  allows diverse or sensitive issues to be raised that might otherwise be missed.
• Two types of Interview Questions:

  1. closed questions
  2. open questions
• closed questions


  have a predetermined answer format like 'yes' or 'no'
• open questions


  do not have predetermined format
• 
  

  Closed questions are easier to analyze, and may be done by computer
• Running the Interview:

  1. Introduction
  2. Warm-up
  3. Main Body
  4. A cool-off period
  5. Closure