GlaxoSmithKline - top down/bottom up

• What are top-down strategies?

  Imposed by international organisations and national governments and are public health interventions that rely on availability and sustained use of resources.
• What is one positive and one negative of using top-down strategies to deal with risk and eradication?

  Positive: This strategy type can lead to substantial change.

  Negative: Not all communities can sustain this strategy + leads to dependence on government services and lead to corruption
• What are bottom-up strategies?

  Considered to be more effective interventions since they are self-motivated among local communities and families.
• What are two positives of using bottom up strategies to deal with risk and eradication?

  • More sustainable
  • Can develop female involvements in family and community health
• What is GlaxoSmithKline? (GSK)

  A pharmaceutical transnational
• What are some of GSK's scientific break throughs?

  1. Developed asthma treatment which was then sold to the NHS
  2. Developed medicines to fight bacterial infections, HIV and parasitic infections
  3. Portfolio of more than 20 vaccines
  4. Spends more than $3 billion a year researching new medicines
  5. One of the few healthcare companies researching treatments for WHO's 3 priority cases: malaria, TB and HIV
• What is the global impact GSK's drug manufacturing and distribution has?

  1. 12 manufacturing sites produce 582 million doses of vaccine in 2020
  2. Generating sales of £7 billion in 2020
  3. Has research centers in Italy, Belgium, USA and UK
  4. Supply to people in over 160 countries
  5. There are 27,000 workers in the global manufacturing centre which produces 4 billion packs of medicine
  6. Delivered more than 250 new products in the past 5 years.
• What are the global impacts of GSK's patents?

  • GSK plan to stop filing for patents in the 50 least developed countries such as Afghanistan and Zambia
  • Positives: easier for other manufacturers to make generic versions of GSK's drugs therefore widening public access. Policies such as this allows EDCs and LIDCs to have access to medical care that they lack.
  • Negatives: Only some drug patents will be disbanded. Policies such as this requires countries to have good healthcare infrastructure for it to be effective.