TAXANOMY

• or

  '80'
• Taxonomy


  The study of classifying organisms into groups based on similarities and differences in characteristics
• Binomial nomenclature


  Method of naming developed by Carolus Linnaeus, written by using the genus name with a capitalized first letter followed by the species name using small letters; italicized when type-written (e.g. Oryza sativa)
• Hierarchies of classification

  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• Six-kingdom system

  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
• Archaea


  • Single-celled prokaryotes observed in extreme environments
• Eubacteria


  • Coccus-spherical
  • Bacillus-rod-shaped
  • Spirillus-spiral
• Protista


  • Diverse single-celled eukaryotes, including plant-like algae and animal-like pseudopodia, ciliates, and flagellates
• Fungi


  • Multicellular heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by digesting food outside their body before absorbing them, including parasitic and saprophytic forms
• Plantae


  • Multicellular autotrophs that produce their own food using light energy
• Animalia


  • Heterotrophic multicellular organisms responsive to stimuli, including invertebrates (porifera, coelenterata, platyhelminthes, nematoda, mollusca, annelida, echinodermata, arthropoda) and vertebrates (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals)
• Invertebrates


  • Porifera (Corals and Sponges)
  • Coelenterata (Jellyfish, Hydra)
  • Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
  • Nematoda (Roundworms)
  • Mollusca (Octopus, Snail)
  • Annelida (Tapeworm)
  • Echinodermata (Starfish, Sea urchin)
  • Arthropoda (Hexapoda, Chelicerata, Crustacea, Myriapoda)
• Porifera


  • No true tissue
• Coelenterata


  • With stinging cells and poison-filled threads
• Platyhelminthes


  • Flat ribbon-like bodies
• Nematoda


  • Long round bodies
• Mollusca


  • Soft bodied and some have shells
• Annelida


  • Long segmented body
• Echinodermata


  • Radially symmetrical body
• Arthropoda


  • Jointed legs and segmented bodies (head, thorax, abdomen)
• Arthropoda subgroups

  • Hexapoda (insects)
  • Chelicerata (spider, horseshoe crab)
  • Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, shrimps)
  • Myriapoda (centipedes, millipedes)
• Vertebrates

  • Fishes (Jawless, Cartilaginous, Bony)
  • Amphibians
  • Reptiles
  • Birds
  • Mammals (Monotreme)
• Jawless fishes


  • No scales; breathe through gill slits
• Cartilaginous fishes


  • Movable jaws
• Bony fishes


  • Scaly and have defined bones
• Amphibians


  • Initial life cycle is marine, adult is mostly terrestrial
• Reptiles


  • Cold-blooded; some are scaly
• Birds


  • Have feathers
• Monotreme mammals


  • Egg-laying
• PENMACAP stands for

  P -rif (Porifera)

  E -chin(Echinodermata)

  N -emat(Nematoda)

  M -ollus(Mollusca)

  A -nnel(Annelida)

  C -oel(Coelnterata)

  A -rthro(Arthropoda)

  P -laty(Platyhelminthes)
• Porif- no true tissue( coral, sponges)
• Echin- radially symmetrical body( star fish and sea orchin)
• Nema- long round body( round worm)
• Mullos- soft body some have shells( snail and octopus)
• Annel- long segmented body ( tapeworm)
• Coel- stinging cells and poisonous( jelly fish , hydra)
• Arthro- jointed legs and segmented body ( thorax,abdomen)
• Platy- flat ribbon-like boddies( flat worms)
• Types of anthropoda

  • Hexa -insects
  • Cheli -spider, horseshoe crab
  • Crusta - crabs, Iobsters, shrimps
  • Myria - centipedes, Millipedes.
• Marsupial mamma1- have pouches, not completely developed when born