BSEE 32 CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT'S LITERATURE

• Writer's Purpose


  Writer's reason/ intent in writing
• Elements of Plot


  • Narrative Order (Chronological & Flashbacks)
  • Conflict (Man vs Man, Man vs. Self, and Man vs. Nature)
  • Expository-> Rising Action-> Climax-> Falling Action -> Denouement
• Types of Characters


  • Round (protagonist, Harry Potter)
  • Flat (few info)
  • Dynamic (go thru change)
  • Static (stays the same)
• Setting


  Refers the time, place, and environment
• Types of Themes


  • Primary Theme (main focus)
  • Secondary Theme (complements primary theme)
  • Recurring Themes in Chil. And Ado. Lit (courage - growing up, friendship - anger, belonging/indentity - suffering, family - jealousy, loss/grief - love)
• Elements of Style


  • simple & direct language
  • rhyme & rhythm
  • repetition
  • use of figurative language
• Visual Elements


  • Line (stroke marks that form part of a picture)
  • Color (hue, lightness and saturation)
  • Shapes (spatial forms that carries a mood/message)
  • Textures (how it could be felt)
  • Styles (realistic -> abstract)
  • Illustration (visual rep. Of characters, settings & events)
• Other Stylistic Elements


  • Musical Quality (rhymes, sounds & rhythm in a literature)
  • Action (shows what is happening)
  • Humor (tool that makes the audience laugh)
  • Story Interest (engaging stories)
  • Variety of Subject Matter (contemporary, historical, and fantasy)
• Poetry is often the first lit. presented to a child (nursery rhymes)
• History lesson books were only for the wealthy in the 15th century
• Courtesy books (manners & behaviors) were introduced in the 15th century
• Mother Goose Nursery Rhymes


  Charles Perrault 1695 "Contes de Ma Mère l'Oye" (Tales of My Mother Goose), Thomas Carman 1780 Mother Goose's Melody/Sonnets for the Cradle
• Who is Mother Goose?

  • Bertha of Burgundy
  • Bertrada of Laon : "goose-foot queen"
  • Elizabeth Foster Goose : Mary Goose
  • Spent her time in her grandchildren's nursery, singing ditties
  • A character in Old Mother Goose and the Golden Egg (old lady with storng chin, tall pointed gat and flies)
• Mother Goose Nursery Rhymes


  • Humpty Dumpty
  • Londond Bridge
  • Baa, Baa, Black Sheep
  • Itsy Bitsy Spider
• Life Doesn't Frighten Me

  Maya Angelou, from a perspective of a little kid(Black American), graphics (for a child)
• Picture Books


  Combines illustrations and text to tell a story
• History of Picture Books

  • Early Precursors - Trojan's Column
  • 15th - 19th C. - Orbis Sensualium Pictus (The Visible World/The World in Pictures)
  • Chapbooks
  • 19th C. colored printing - Der Struwwelpeter
  • 19th - present - golden age of children books
• Types of Picture Books

  • Nonfiction
  • Fiction
  • Concept
  • Easy Readers
  • Poetry
  • Board
  • Wordless
  • Classic
• The Giving Tree


  Shel Silverstein, 1. Boy plays w/ the tree, 2. Boy needs money, tree gave her apples, 3. Gave branches and trunk, 4. Stump is the only thing left w/ the tree and still gave it
• The Cat in the Hat

  Dr. Seuss, Sam and Sally, 1st game : Up,Up,Up with a fish, 2nd game : Thing 1 & Thing 2
• Aesop's Fables


  Aesop, slave storyteller in Greece, Aesop Romance, passed thru oral tradition, The Crow and The Pitcher
• One Thousand and One Arabian Nights Stories


  Antoine Galland, intorduced the story in Euuropean readers (1704), l Shahrayar and Scheherazade, l 468 stories were told in 1001 nights (2 years & 9 mo)
• Filipino Folktales and Legends


  Folktales - passed down thru word of mouth

  Legends - trad story that may/not be true, Mabel Cook Cole, The Legend of the Pineapple, The Legend of the Mango
• Characteristics of Modern Fables


  • Brief story
  • Characters are animals
  • A character usually has bad traits that leads to downfall
  • There is a moral at the end
  • Full of actions and conversations
  • Humorous events
  • Dramatic and tragic series of events
• The Tale of Peter Rabbit


  Beatrix Potter, Written:1893 Pub: 1901 -1902
• Curious George


  H. A. REY AND MARGRET REY, Open Minded/ Curiousity- Curious George, constantly meet new people and discover new experiences.(He copies everything he sees)
• Categories of Modern Fantasy


  • Personified Animals
  • Personified Toys
  • Magical Powers
  • Extraordinary Worlds
  • Supernatural Elements
  • Time Slips
• A Christmas Carol


  Charles Dickens, written as a response to British social attitude towards child poverty, Ebenezer Scrooge - greedy, becomes a benefactor for the Cratchit family, ghost: Jacob Marley (former business partner), 1st ghost/spirit: Ghost of Christmas past, 2nd ghost: Ghost of Christmas present
• Bridge to Terabithia


  Katty Paterson, Jesse and Leslie are friends who built a make-believe kingdom Terabithia then Leslie died. Jesse thinks that it's his fault then overcomes it then gave the kingdom to his little sister and build a bridge so no one can drown again
• Realistic Fiction


  Story itself is fiction but its elements (setting, characters, conflicts) are real/relatable
• Anne of Green Gables


  Written:1905 Pub:1908, Anne Shirley, Matthew Cuthbert & Marilla Cuthbert (siblings)
• Diary of a Wimpy Kid


  Jeff Kinney, series, Greg Heffley - protagonist (self-centered, wants to be popular), Rowley Jefferson - protagonist (takes the blame for Greg ), "Cheese Touch"
• I am Malala: The Girl Who Stood Up for Education and was Shot by the Taliban


  Malala Yousafzai (July 12, 1997), Pakistan girls' education activist, October 2012, Malala (15 y/o) was shot inside her school bus on the way home
• Diary of a Young Girl


  Anne Frank (June 12, 1929), From a gifted diary (for her 13th b-day) Anne started to write about her experiences especially during the Holocaust, She and her family were arrested on August 4, 1944 from the secret annex.
• Historical Fiction


  Reconstructs the past events and incorporates them into a fictional narrative (setting is in a historical period, characters include real historical figures but MC's are fictional, involves research to be accurate)
• Number the Stars


  Lois Lowry, written to educate young readers about the Holocaust, Annemarie Johansen (Jewish), Ellen Rose, friendship annmarie and ellen (star of david necklace)
• Little House on the Praire


  Laura Ingalls Wilder, Caroline Ingalls (Ma), Charles Ingalls (Pa), Mary, Laura, Carrie, they move to Kansas (using a covered wagon) to settle on a piece of land called the prairie (moved due to the conflict with the Native American tribes)
• Akong Bugsay


  Amaya Aboitiz, Andoy, who is eager to learn fishing from his father, Papa, ventures on a fishing trip to Caubian Island. Facing setbacks during a storm, Andoy overcomes fear with Papa's encouragement. Despite initial setbacks, they continue to catch fish, and return successful. Andoy learns valuable lessons about goal-setting and perseverance, symbolized by his cherished paddle. Conflict : Man vs. Self and Nature
• Hidden Figures


  Margot Lee Shetterly, about three African American mathematician women who are part of NASA's Space Race Era. Katherine Coleman Goble Johanson - Flight Research Division, Dorothy Vaughan - org's first black section head, Mary Jackson - human computer at the NACA. Conflict : Racism and Sexism (Man vs. Society), Moral: Perseverance and Triumph over diversity
• Issues and Concerns in Children and Adolescent Literature


  • Censorship (restricting specific books, mats, or content bcs it clashes with the beliefs & values of a group)
  • Social Issues (Racism, Divorce, Sexism, Violence (PARSNIPS))
  • Political Correctness in Fables and Tales (Altering stories to avoid lang., themes, or representations that might be offensive, Historical Context vs. Modern Sensitivities, Artistic Integrity, Audience Reception)
  • Rewriting or Deconstruction of Classical Tales (Loss of Original Themes, Cultural Integrity, Audience Reception)
  • Movie and TV Versions of Classical tales (Simplification, Commercialization, Influence on Imagination)