coding,capacity and duration

• who carried out research on coding?

  baddeley
• what is coding


  process of converting info between different forms
• describe baddeleys research

  -gave diff lists of words to 4 groups of participants

  -group 1 was acoustically similar words, group 2 acoustically dissimilar, group 3 semantically similar group 4 semantically dissimilar

  -participants were shows original words asked to recall them in correct order
• describe the findings for coding baddeley

  -when they did this task immediately, recalling from stm they tended to do worse with acoustically similar words

  -after 20 mins recalling from ltm they tended to do worse with the semantically similar words

  -these findings suggest that info is coded acoustically in stm and semantically in ltm
• who did research on capacity?

  jacobs
• describe research for capacity

  -jacobs measured digit span to see how much info stm can hold

  -researcher reads out digits and participant recalls in correct order until participant cannot recall order correctly

  -jacobs found that the mean span for digits was 9.3 and for letters 7.3
• what did george miller do?

  -noted that things come in sevens

  -thought span of stm is 7 items plus or minus 2

  -noted that we group digits/letters into chunks by chuncking
• who did research on capacity stm and who on ltm?

  stm- margaret and lloyd peterson

  ltm- harry bahrick
• describe research on stm

  -margaret and lloyd peterson tested 24 students in 8 trials each

  -students was given a consonant syllable to rememeber and 3 digit number to count backwards from to prevent mental rehearsel

  -on each trial they were told to stop after varying periods of time
• describe findings for stm research

  -at 3 seconds average recall was abt 80%

  -after 18 secs it was abt 3%

  -findings suggested that stm duration may be abt 18 seconds unless we repeat info over and over
• describe research for duration of ltm

  -bahrick studied 392 americans between 17-74

  -hs yearbooks were taken and recall was tested including photo recognition test and free recall test where participants recalled name of their graduating class
• describe research findings for ltm

  -participants tested within 15 yrs of graduation were abt 90% accurate in photo recognition

  -after 48 yrs recall declined to abt 70% for photo recognition

  -free recall was 60% after 15 yrs

  -and 30% after 48 yrs

  -shows that ltm may last up to a lifetime