biology revision

• what is biomass?


  Biomass is the mass of living material in an area.
• Word equation for photosynthesis


  Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen
• What happens when plants get too little water?


  The plant wilts causing their

  leaves and stem to droop

  because their cells cannot

  support themselves.
• what does it mean when a plant is turgid


  means the plant is firm and rigid as they have lots of water.

  This provides SUPPORT as the vacuole pushes

  against the cell wall.
• flaccid meaning


  when the vacuoles shrink, it doesn't push the cytoplasm against the cell wall, making a plant wilt
• vacuoles are used to store

  water , sugar and minerals
• Palisade


  The plant cell where most photosynthesis takes place. (Found near the top of the leaf)
• Xylem


  A tube that carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
• Photosynthesis


  A reaction where the plant makes food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. (The Reaction green plants make)
• What is chlorophyll?


  A green pigment inside chloroplast that absorbs sunlight and mixes carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar and oxygen.
• What are chloroplasts?


  An organelle found in the palisade cell containing chlorophyll and is where most photosynthesis takes place.
• Stomata


  A gap where gases enter and exit the leaf (Found in the underside of the leaf)
• Transpiration


  The process at which water moves up the xylem tubes
• Stoma


  A singular stomata
• Guard cell


  The cells that push together to open and close the stomata
• Waxy cuticle


  Allows the leaf to prevent water loss
• Epidermal 


  to allow light through while preventing water loss
• Palisade mesophyll


  Placed close together to maximise light absorption and contains Palisades which photosynthesise.
• Phloem 


  Transports glucose and other products found in the leaf to the roots
• Where does water enter the plant


  the roots
• Lipids


  Proper name for fats and oils, insoluble in water and contains fatty acids and glycerol.
• Carbohydrates


  A biomolecule found in substances containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, usually hydrogen and oxygen have a 2:1 ratio.
• Protein


  A food containing amino acids (More complex than starch)
• Water


  An odourless, colourless, tasteless liquid, required by all life on Earth, consists of H2O.
• Minerals


  Minerals are usually dissolved versions of different elements such as Iron and Calcium.
• Vitamins


  A nutrient that helps the body fight against diseases such as Vitamin C and Vitamin D
• Fibres


  A fibre is a nutrient that is not digested however is used to exercise the gut muscles in a process called peristalsis and is used to avoid diarrhoea and constipation.
• Malnutrition


  The result of an unbalanced diet
• Ingestion


  Taking food into the body (mouth)
• Digestion


  Breaking down food into small soluble molecules (mouth, stomach, etc)
• Absorption


  Taking in small, soluble nutrients into the body (small intestine)
• Assimilation


  Using the nutrients to build new cells for growth and tissue repair (small intestine)
• Egestion


  The removal of waste products (anus)