7- ATP

• ATP


  Adenosine triphosphate
• ATP


  • Contains the base adenine bonded to the pentose sugar ribose
  • Has three phosphate groups
• ATP


  A nucleotide
• Breaking the covalent bond holding the last phosphate group in ATP


  Requires a small amount of energy but releases a great deal of energy
• Hydrolysis of ATP


  1. Catalysed by the enzyme ATPase (also called ATP hydrolase)

  2. Produces ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate
• ADP


  Adenosine diphosphate
• Inorganic phosphate


  Phosphate group not attached to a carbon-containing molecule
• ATP


  An immediate energy source, transferring energy from sites of respiration to parts of the cell requiring energy
• Processes powered by ATP hydrolysis


  • Active transport
  • Muscle contraction
  • Formation of large molecules such as proteins
• Recycling ADP and phosphate back to ATP

  1. Catalysed by the enzyme ATP synthase

  2. A phosphorylation reaction

  3. A condensation reaction
• ATP is formed during respiration in animal cells and during both respiration and photosynthesis in plant cells