bio final

• What is phylogeny?


  The evolutionary relationship between organisms
• what is taxonomy?


  the science of naming and classifying organisms
• a taxon is a ___ of organisms

  group
• What does prokaryotic mean?

  without a nucleus
• what are microflora?


  harmless microorganisms that thrive in the intestines and are essential for good health
• unicellular


  a single celled organism
• the head of a bacteriophage is called the ____

  capsule
• a gram positive cell wall contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan ____ the cell membrane

  outside
• a gram negative cell wall contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan ______ two membranes

  between
• What is peptidoglycan?


  a matrix of sugar cross-linked with amino acids
• cell membrane


  A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
• What does aerobic mean?

  requires oxygen
• aerobic bacteria use ___ to carry on respiration which produces energy

  oxygen
• facultative anaerobic bacteria produce energy with or ___ oxygen

  without
• obligate anaerobes can only produce their energy in an ___ environment

  oxygen free
• obligate aerobes are found in the ______

  lower intestinal tract
• what does autotrophic mean?


  can make its own food
• Autotrophic bacteria obtain energy from ___ sources

  inorganic
• photosynthetic bacteria contain ____ in the cell membrane

  chlorophyll
• blue-green and cyanobacteria are examples of ____ bacteria

  photosynthetic
• Photosynthetic bacteria are found in ____ environments

  aquatic
• Heterotrophic bacteria obtain their energy from ____ sources

  organic
• Where do chemoautotrophic bacteria get their energy from?

  inorganic molecules
• What are saprobes?


  organisms that obtain food from decaying organic matter
• there are __ types of heterotrophic bacteria

  2
• What is a parasite?

  an organism that lives on or in a host and causes it harm
• parasites are similar to ___

  microflora
• What does multicellular mean?

  made of many cells
• What is a eukaryotic cell?

  cell that has a nucleus and organelles
• what is another name for animal-like protists?

  protozoans
• What does motile mean?

  able to move
• What are zooflagellates?


  animal-like protists that use flagella to move
• another name for zooflagellates is ____

  mastigophora
• what are ciliates?


  protists that move using cilia
• Cilia aid in __ and feeding

  prey capture
• amoeboids move by _

  pseudopodia
• what is pseudopodia?


  Extensions of cytoplasm and plasma membrane that allow for movement
• What are cilia?


  tiny hair-like projections used to move a cell
• green algae contains __

  chlorophyll
• green algae is __

  autotrophic