16th and 17th Centuries

• What were the common types of crime?

  Vagrancy, heresy and treason
• What were vagrants?


  Homeless people.
• Why did vagrancy happen?

  Due to poverty
• What are some other names for vagrants?

  Vagabonds, sturdy beggars and rogues
• Why were vagrants forced to beg or turn to crime?

  As there was no help available-dissolution of the monasteries
• How could vagrants be identified?


  Having a branded ‘V’ on their head
• What were robberies and thefts often associated with?

  Vagrancy
• What are three examples of vagrants?

  Doxy, Hooker Angler and Counterfeit Crank
• What is a Doxy?


  A female beggar, carrying knitting and a bag, who picked up anything worth money to sell later on.
• What is a Hooker Angler?

  They knocked on doors in the day to seek charity, but stole at night using a large stick to hook valuables to steal and sell.
• What is a Counterfeit Crank?


  They pretended to suffer from illness by sucking soap to foam at the mouth to attract sympathy
• Was vagrancy a common crime in Wales?

  Yes
• What is the Welsh link for vagrancy?

  A vagrant called Griffith Jones was accused of stealing in 1624.
• What is heresy?


  The crime of not following the official religion of the monarch
• What happened if an heretic recanted during their trial?

  They would receive a prison sentence rather than be sentenced to death.
• Did freedom of religion exist at this time?

  No
• What religion did people have to follow at this time?

  The religion of the monarch
• What did failure to accept the monarchs religion lead to?

  Being accused of heresy
• What happened if heretics did not recant during their trial?

  They were sentenced to death
• How were heretics executed?

  By burning
• Why were heretics burned instead of hanging?

  As they were thought to have gone against God, so burning the bodies would make God happy
• When was heresy a significant issue?

  During the reign of Mary I
• Why was heresy a big issue during Mary I reign?

  As she was unwilling to tolerate other religious beliefs
• What religion was Mary I?

  Extreme Catholic
• How many heretics were executed during the reign of Mary I?

  280
• What nickname was given to Mary I?

  Bloody Mary
• Why was Mary I given the nickname ‘Bloody Mary’?

  As she executed 280 heretics
• Who were classed as criminals in the reign of Elizabeth I?

  Extremists
• What is the Welsh link for heresy?

  • 3 protestants were executed by Mare I, including the Bishop of St Davids, Robert Ferrar
  • 1593- John Penry was executed for spreading Puritan ideas
• What is treason?


  When someone has betrayed or attempted to overthrow he monarch/government
• What did Henry VIII treason laws state?

  Punished anyone who

  • said or wrote things against the King
  • said the King was using his power unjustly
• What is the most famous example of treason?

  Guy Fawkes plotting to blow up the Houses of Parliament
• Why did Guy Fawkes want to blow up Parliament?

  As James I had ordered all Catholic Priests to leave England and Guy Fawkes was Catholic
• How did Guy Fawkes attempt to blow up Parliament?

  He placed 36 barrels of gunpowder in the cellar under the House of Lords.
• When was Guy Fawkes’ plan discovered?

  A group of guards checked the cellars and found Guy Fawkes with the barrels of gunpowder
• How was Guy Fawkes punished?

  He was hung, drawn and quartered
• Why was Guy Fawkes hung, drawn and quartered?

  As it was the specific punishment for treason
• How is Guy Fawkes remembered?

  On ‘Bonfire Night’- November 5th
• When did Guy Fawkes attempt to blow up Parliament?

  1605