Terror

• Reunification Campaign 1949-50
• Reunification: Tibet has been operating independently and it resisted communist conquest
• Reunification: Britain not longer had an interest in protecting Tibet as they were focused in the Korean War
• Reunification: Tibet was invaded by the PLA in 1950 took six months but was simple
• Reunification: Tibet came under Chinese sovreignty and PRC planned to destroy Tibet's identity by promoting Chines lifestyle and brining in Han chinese settlers
• Reunification: however in Tibet their was local resistance which exculated into a serious uprising in 1959 of which the Dalai Lama fled in exile
• Reunification campaigns took place in Tibet, Xinjang, Guangdong
• Reunification: Xinjang was a westmost province of China, more of a buffer state
• Reunification: Xinjiang population was ethnically mixed most of which were also Muslim
• Reunification: Xinjiang's nationalist opposition was subdued by the Communist party and captured the capital and leaders were offered regional council posts
• Reunification: Xinjiang Communist control was established by then a long March veteran to run a local CCP and army and Han chinese were brought to work on construction projects
• Reunification: Xinjiang became a security buffer zone for the PRC
• Reunification campaigns were used to reunite china, but for Mao this was so he could spread his power of the communist rule and CCP selfishly by using force invading these places
• Reunification campaigns, meant the shared culture they had would spread to provinces in the China everywhere and it would be easier to control, which mean use use of a centralised government was easier to control
• Within days of the declaration in 1949 of the new republic police were deployed to root out nationalist sympathisers
• Labelling used every worker was assigned to a work unit that provided housing, food, clothing was all allocated and the food was controlled by police, so denial of reigme was bad as they had a new powerful system so people would conform
• Labelling system of background and loyalty to revolution made and psuhed down to children, helped them monitor 'bad classes' or threats
• Life was difficult for people due to labels and nationalist connections
• Crack down on crime removing petty criminals and were arrested sent to reducation camps
• Terror of counter rev in 1950-51 same time the PLA was sent to Korea, gave Mao an excuse to crush anyone who stood in the communist way as they could jeopardise the rev so far
• Terror was brutal and widespread and not only to remove opposnents but to deter others
• Tao and Luo had clamp downs on provinace borders and leaders using brutal treatment to nationalist sympathisers and transmitting Mao's wishes
• Tao and Luo killing both separately 45,000 each
• As the killlings were getting out of hand Mao suggested killing one in 1000 of the local population was an acceptable target, ment more were killed with non reasons, just meeting targets
• Mao using Terror could pose as a voice of moderation and he waking sure that offical's took actual decisions and implicate terror
• 1951 Mao agreed that killing should be extended within the party (CCP), many arrested, as there were so many many had to be killed to make space for them
• Terror initially killed less in cities due to fears of publicity however a top ranking military officer shot dead at a concert in 1951, Mao response was for police ot sweep through 16 cities raiding and arresting over 17,000 people
• After use of terror to raid cities forced confessions and executions followed as well as suicides.
• Several million were sent to labour camps or surveillanced, people who survived lived in fear, people became isolated
• Laogai camps places of re education rather than punishment (gulag) , 9/10 were polictoial opposnts/ counter revs
• Hundred Flowers campaign 1957, when Mao opened people for a debate about the first 5 yr plan results
• Hundred Flowers :Called on delegates and schools thought, influencved by destalinisation
• Hundred Flowers :Mao knew appearing o open could lead to uprising like in Russia
• Hundred Flowers : never trusted intellectuals but they were valuable contribution to the economy and he may have been trying to win them over through constructive critism
• Hundred Flowers : Mao continued to encourage debate but people did not respond finally comments appeared as people gained confidence and then became a flood
• Hundred Flowers : Suggestions for improvement became denoucations of polices and leaders he put a halt to this debate and rounded up crticts and said their intention was to destroy the rev
• Hundred Flowers : An anti-rightist against the critics was launched, exercising control plan sent them to laogai accused them of wanting to turn back to be nationalists
• 3 antis campaign: aim to remove corrupt elements and practices with in the system, corruption waste and buercracy
• 3 antis: target official at all levels that had been participating previously in the mismanagement before the CCP
• 5 antis: extended to business like merchants that were involved in tax evasion, bribery and fraud, theft of state assets , economic secrets