Cold War Part 1 (1945-1963)

• For example, during the Cold War, the United States adopted a policy of containment to prevent the spread of communism beyond its existing borders.
• The USSR used satellite nations to protect themselves from ground attacks
• The alliance that was formed between the USA and other North Atlantic country’s is called NATO. This is a strong friendship where if one country goes to war the rest follows suit.
• As a response to the NATO alliance the Warsaw pact was created because the USSR was worried about the possibility of a military attack from the West
• McCarthyism is where you accuse someone of something with no evidence of that. The guy who its named after lost popularity after he accused the military of being communist.
• When accused of being Communist you may be put on a blacklist where it stops you from being employed.
• House of Un-American Committee investigated people suspected of espionage or communist sympathies
• To try and stop the spread of communism through out europe Truman put the Marshall plan in place giving money to europe.
• Truman sent tons of money to Greece and Turkey. This was called the Truman Doctrine
• The Berlin Blockade is when the Soviet Union cut off West Berlin for a bit from getting supplies.
• Eisenhower wanted to protect the Middle East from Communism so he implemented the Eisenhower Doctrine.
• In response to the Berlin Blockade the US sent planes over Berlin to drop off supplies. This was called the Berlin Airlift
• The Berlin wall is A barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in 1961 to separate East Berlin from West Berlin, symbolizing the ideological divide between East and West during the Cold War. It was dismantled in 1989, leading to the reunification of Germany.
• The conflict that began in 1950 and ended in 1953 is known as the Korean War
• The failed invasion of Cuba by CIA-trained Cuban exiles in April 1961 is known as the bay of pigs
• The confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in October 1962, sparked by the discovery of Soviet missile sites in Cuba, is called the Cuban Missile Crisis
• The agency that played a significant role in covert operations during the Cold War is the CIA
• The Hungarian Revolt of 1956 was a nationwide uprising against the Soviet-imposed government in Hungary, sparked by demands for political reforms and greater freedom.
• What was the primary reason for the tension between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II?

  Differences in political and economic ambitions.
• Who was Harry S. Truman, and what role did he play in early Cold War tensions?

  Harry S. Truman was the President of the United States who took a tough stance against Soviet expansionism, implementing policies like containment and the Truman Doctrine.
• What was the Berlin Airlift, and why was it significant?

  The Berlin Airlift was a humanitarian mission to supply West Berlin with food and supplies after the Soviet Union blockaded the city. It demonstrated Western resolve and thwarted Soviet attempts to control Berlin.
• How was the Cold War fought?

  Espionage: Both sides utilized extensive spying networks to gather intelligence and undermine each other's efforts.
• How was the Cold War fought?

  Arms Race: Both the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in massive military buildups, including the development and stockpiling of nuclear weapons and other advanced military technologies.
• How was the Cold War fought?

  Proxy Wars: Conflicts were fought indirectly through proxy wars in regions such as Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan, where the United States and the Soviet Union supported opposing factions.
• How did leaders escalate and deescalate tensions throughout the Cold War?

  1. Arms Race (Escalation)
  2. Proxy Wars (Escalation)
  3. Espionage (Escalation)
  4. Negotiations (de-escalation)
• Proxy Wars were fought in C and in G

  
• Identify the geographic location of the Berlin Wall during the Cold War. C

  
• Locate the countries in Eastern Europe that were part of the Soviet bloc, also known as satellite nations, during the Cold War. D C F G K