war flash cards

• AO1 Great deeds against the dead- Goya 1808-1810


  -85 prints were produced as the subject for Spains struggle independence from France.

  -series is divided into 3 sections, the first showing the peninsula war, the second is the great famine and the repressive government of Ferdinand the VII

  -The disasters of war couldn't be published due to the political message.

  -was published 35 years after his death
• AO2- great deeds against the dead

  -Goya depicts three male corpses, whose bodies have been mutilated, castrated and hung to a tree.

  -The Gurillia bands were a group of armed civilians.

  -Those who sympathised with the French are shown as mutilated.

  -The ambiguity of who is committing which atrocity make the subject matter anti-war

  -The grotesque mutilators eco the neoclassical ages tastes for undeniable brutality beauty of their forms only enhances the images tragic impact and furthers the idea that war and violence are enemies of beauty and reason.
• Over the top- John Nash 1918, subject matter

  -German line at Vacquene + British trenches at the welsh ridge. -

  -Germans launched a surprise attack on 30th December in 1917 at dawn in an ice fog.

  -they wore white to camouflage with the snow.

  -British launched a counter attack later in the day and stood out due to the dark coloured trench coats.

  -only 12 out of the 80 survived and Nash was one of these people.
• AO2, Over the top

  -matter of fact depiction, not idealised or glamourised in any way, an unheroic aspect of conflict.

  -British troops are slumped and trudging to meet their fate.

  -cold grey of could dictates the elegiac spirit of the event.

  -photo like image, suggest spontaneous nature of the event.
• AO3, Over the Top

  "murder pure and simple"- Fox

  "Every elect of its design reinforces the sense of unfolding tragedy"-A, Friend
• AO3, Holocaust memorial 


  "a repulsive salvage of memory" - the concept of bribery's

  "she has provided a space for memory to flourish"
• AO1, Holocaust memorial, Rachel Whiteread, 2000


  -memorial in Vienna was considered old and a new one was made following an international competition for the memory of 65000 Austrian jews that were killed.

  -The books in the composition connect to the jews, 'people of the book' also suggests at the record of victims

  -doors have no handles suggests at a gas chamber.
• AO2, Holocaust memorial 


  -steel and concrete makes it hermetic.

  -rectangular block on a shallow plinth.

  -the edifice is a post and lintel construction a modern take on a classical work.

  -sculpture echos form of the typical baroque apartments surrounding.

  -pale concrete used makes a bleached and ghostly quality, apposite.
• AO2, It is what it is


  -a ready made, is meaningful since the artist has little intervention.

  -the harsh angularity is a result of the violent inward forces and claimed another casualty of war.

  -reminder of a destruction of a man destruction of a man made object.
• AO3, it is what it is

  "when the spectator becomes the artist or part of the artwork"-Deller

  "the car can not be interpreted as anything, it does not represent something"

  "The car was simply a stimulus to a conversation"
• AO1, It is what it is, Jeremy Deller, 2009

  -It is a strong political clash, exposing on the details build up.

  -The Iraq war was a protected armed conflict from 2003 - 2011

  -It began with the invasion of Iraq by the US lead coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussain.

  -US troops officially withdrew in 2011 but became re involved in 2014.

  -The subject matter is of a car that was blown up in a book market in 2007, 35 were killed in the attack.
• It is what it is, composition

  space and depth -large sculptural form, object trouvé and tout a faire, balances mass and void, making the viewer feel compelled.

  composition- String folds in the metal create crumpled effect, reminiscent to paper thrown in a bin.

  Line-Line reminds us of the force of explosion to destroy original form, jagged line repels touch.

  Colour-Rust colour is multi tonal flames provide patina, monochromes unites the work and draws attention to the battered form, colour juxtaposes the environment.
• AO3, great deeds against the dead

  "Macabre, disgusting and unbearingly bleek"- L Brandon

  "These prints speak of a humanity fallen into hell" - L Brandon

  "his imagery is sardonic" - Chapman brothers
• AO3, 3rd May 1808, Goya


  "one of the most powerful condemnations the brutality of war has created"- Susan Woodford

  "Grim reflection of the whole nature of power"- Kenneth Clark

  "Look square in the face the human cruelty of Warfare"- Simon Scharma.
• AO1, Third May 1808, Goya, 1814

  On 2nd May 1808 there was an uprising Madrid against the French and a battle took place in the streets. In 3rd May Goya depicts when all those taking place in the event were shot.
• The lantern


  • Creates dramatic light and dark contrasts which lighten the emotional impact and violence
• The light


  Diminishes the man in the white shirt who confronts the firing squad
• The man in the white shirt

  • His arms are raised to show his vulnerability and recall position of Christ on the cross, suggesting sacrifice and martyrdom, even suggestion of stigmata
• The range of emotional response


  • Example is one man who covers his head, another sticks his head out in defiance
• The victims


  • Are in 3 clear groups suggesting at past, present and future
• This fully expresses the brutality of the murders shown through the face of the fallen man
• The soldiers


  • Are shown as anonymous unit, they are faceless and dehumanised, the are clustered suggesting unison and obeying orders
• AO3, Napoleon crossing the alps

  "apotheosis of heroic leadership"- Dan snow

  "voila mon héros"- David
• AO3, Che Gavara 


  "his face has become an iconic image, used in both protest and as a fashion accessory"-Richard Gott

  "He wanted the image to breed like rabbits"-R Gott
• AO1, Guernica, Picasso, 1937

  -on 26th April, Hitler who was sympathetic to the ideas of France bombed the town of Guernica.

  -This town was in the Basque region of Spain and was a hotspot for the Spanish rebellion who opposed Franco and the nationalists.
• AO2, Guernica 


  -dramatic clashing of light and dark tones.

  -head of a women with the lamp shade stoops towards Lucifer.

  -monochromatic suggests at the eye witness report.

  -The is represented by the textured patterns.

  -dynamic intensity created by sharp contrast.

  -appears confusing and confusing.

  -space is compressed and ambiguous with shifting perspective.

  -forms are fragmented and discontinuous, sharp angular lines piece and splinter
• Over the top, John Nash, 1918- AO1


  -German line at Vacquene, British trenches at the welsh ridge

  -Germans launched a surprise attack on the 30th December 1917 at dawn in an ice fog.

  -they wore white to camouflage with the snow

  -British launched a counter attack at 10:30 am however they stood out due to the dark trench coats

  -12 out of the 80 men survived

  -Nash was one of these
• Over the top- AO2

  -matter of fact depiction, not idealised or glamourised in any way, an unheroic aspect of conflict

  -British troops are slumped and trudging to meet their fate.

  -cold grey clouds dictates the elegiac spirit of the event.

  -sky is discoloured by gunfire

  -elements not captured in the canvas adds to spontaneous nature.
• Over the top- AO3

  'Murder, pure and simple"-Fox

  "ever element of its design reinforces the sense of unfolding tragedy"-Friend
• Great deeds against the dead, Goya, 1808-1810- AO1


  -85 prints were produced depicting Spain struggle for Independence from France

  -series is split into 3, first depicting the peninsula war, the tragic famine and the government of Ferdinand VII

  -the disasters of war could not be publish during his lifetime due to the political message.

  -it was published 35 years after his death

  -Goya was among the small group that welcomed Napoleon's ideas, but lead to fatal consequences
• Great deeds against the dead-AO2

  -3 male corpses, bodies have been mutilated, castrated and tied to a tree.

  -the ambiguity of who is committing which atrocity makes the subject anti-war

  The grotesque implications echo the neoclassical ages taste for the fragments of antique sculpture.

  -the undeniable beauty of their forms only enhances the images tragic impact and furthers the idea of war and violence are enemies to beauty and reason.
• Guernica-AO3

  "painting is not an interior declaration, it is an instrument of war"-Picasso

  "Guernica is more than a painting of present moment, it shows the disorder of our society"-Fearier
• Napoleon crossing the Alps, Jaques-louis David, 1801- AO1


  -this was commissioned by Charles IV, who was the king of Spain, he hung it in his gallery of great leaders

  -this is a commemoration of napoleon's history in Italy against the Austrian empire
• Napoleon crossing the alps- AO2

  -equestrian portrait, shown as a idealised and powerful man, shows status.

  -pose is powerful and shows great leadership, his arm and hand point to the mountains.

  -rock at the bottom of the painting has the words Hannibal and Charlemagne, Napoleon's is written above and larger.

  -the cape adds motion and 3 dimensionality, drapery also connects with the slope of the ridge creating series of diagonals.

  -vibrant military regalia with his red cape, primary red draws attention to the primary figure.
• Night attack on the Sanjo palace, 13 century- AO1

  -depicts an incident that occurred during the Heiji Rebellion, a document moment of civil war between the Taira and minimoto clans.

  -in December 1159 the forces of Nobuyori and Yosimoto attempted the coup.

  -They stormed the Sanjo palace with mounted warriors and abducted the retired emperor
• Night attack on the Sanjo Palace- AO2

  -bright colours are used- primary red blue and green make features visible.

  -there is little sense of light and and setting appears flat

  -Drama is conveyed by the scale of flames and the scale of the unorganised people.

  -the composition is fluid and creates a sense of the flow

  -it is a nocturnal taking place at 2 am

  -overlapping of elements create a sense of depth.
• Night attack on the Sonja Palace-AO3


  "its hard to imagine an image of war that matches the visual and phycological power of the night attack on the Sanjo palace"-Dr Sigur

  "its hard to stop your eyes from darting from one detail to the next"- Smee
• Che Gavara, Jim Fitz-Patrick, 1968 - AO1


  -a cuban photographer took shots of him at the funeral of Havana Harden.

  -Che was a revolutionary and political theory.

  -it spawned countless tributes and becomes ubiquitous.
• Che Gavara

  -Che's cloths below the neck appear camouflaged, representing him sinking into the meaning of the colour red.messy hair is suggestive of battle and fighting.

  -messy hair is suggestive of battle and fighting.

  -his expression is stoic and seems deep in thought, creates the powerful air of a leader.

  -The bold use of black and red and white create a dramatic and unsettling atmosphere, the white of his face draws attention to the middle of the image.

  -the eyes act as a focal point, the symbol on the cap acts as staff age that leads the viewers eyes back down his face and no depth.