There are 2 types of charges: positive and negative.
Unlike charges attract and like charges repel.
The SI unit of charge is the Coulomb (C).
The presence of an electrostatic charge can be detected using a leaf electroscope.
If a charged object is placed near the cap, charges are induced.
The metal cap gets one type of charge (positive or negative) and the metal stem and gold leaf get the other type of charge so they repel each other
Electric field: region in which electric charge experiences a force.
The direction of an electric field at a point is the direction of the force on a positive charge at that point
Conductors: materials that let electrons pass through them. Metals are the best electrical conductors as they have free electrons. E.g. copper
Insulators: materials that hardly conduct at all. Their electrons are tightly held to atoms and hardly move, but they can be transferred by rubbing. E.g. Rubber
