Analogue uses a whole range of continuous variations to transmit a signal that include variations of high and low states.
Digital signals use only 2 states, on and off.
Logic gates are processors that are circuits containing transistors and other components.
Their function is shown by the truth table. Inputs are combined and turned into an output in a logical way. For example, a NOT gate turns a 1 into 0 and a 0 into a 1.