Slang usage (likely less current and used less with age)
Standard
Formal
Overt prestige forms
Professional jargon
Adherence to grammar rules
Some accents and dialects have faded out/ been replaced e.g. Cockney towards MLE
Older people use terms of affection towards younger people
Power dynamic between older and younger people
Affects language
Young people's language
Often stereotyped as lazy and rude because more slang use and clippings/ abbreviations- e.g. innit, diss
William Labov- individuals have a tendency seen across many cultures to preserve their own speech patterns and quirks throughout their whole life. It could be read from this that language is being builtup throughout a person's life, causing linguistic additions rather than linguistic changes necessarily occurring with age.
Vivian De Klerk- four principal influences on how teens speak
A desire to establish group and personal identities
A desire to look different and unique from others in their age group as well as older generations
A desire to keep up with the times i.e. be modern and cool
The freedom to challenge linguistic norms as a teenager
BBFC research- 46% of GenZ say they use strong language frequently, 12% babyboomers
Apple research- generations use different emojis to mean the same thing e.g. skull or crying vs. crying laughing
Binghamton University- under 25s less likely to end a message with a fullstop and perceive one without one negatively.
Jenny Chesire- 2015: young people use more intensifiers e.g. really, literally
Christopher Odato- found children as young as 4 use 'like' as a filler word, children imitate the language of those older than them- look up to them
