Ucsp

• Socialization


  Process which we acquire knowledge, language, values, skills, and habits of a society
• Socialization


  • Influenced by the society a person lives in and the social group he/she interacts with
  • Process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society
• Enculturation


  Process of being socialized into a certain culture
• Enculturation


  • We learn the requirements of our surrounding culture and acquire the behaviors and values appropriate for this culture
• Identity Formation


  Development of the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life
• Identity Formation


  • Defines individuals to others and themselves
  • Micro Level - self-definition and relationship to people and issues as seen from a person's perspective
  • Meso Level - identities are viewed, formed, and questioned from our immediate communities or families
  • Macro Level - connections among and between individuals, issues, and groups as a view from a national perspective
  • Global Level - connections among and between individuals, issues, and groups as a view from a worldwide perspective
• Identity Development


  Stage in the adolescent life cycle
• Identity Development


  • Self-Concept - the ability of a person to have opinions and beliefs that are defined confidently, consistently, and with stability
  • Self-Esteem - one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity
• (Marcia's theory)

  1. Foreclosure - individual commits to an identity without exploring options

  2. Identity confusion / diffusion - adolescents neither explore nor commit to any identities

  3. Moratorium - adolescents are actively exploring options but have not yet made commitments
• Identity Achievement


  Individuals who have explored different options, discovered their purpose, and have made identity commitments
• Types of Identity


  • Religious Identity
  • Political identity
  • Vocational Identity
  • Ethnic Identity
  • Gender Identity
• Sex


  Biological differences between males and females, such as genitalia and genetic differences
• Gender


  Socially constructed characteristics of women and men such as norms, roles, etc.
• Gender Expression


  How one demonstrates gender (based on traditional gender role norms related to clothing, behavior, and interactions) can be feminine, masculine, androgynous, etc.
• Herbert Spencer


  • Claimed that just like the different organs of the body, the various parts of society worked together to keep society functioning
• Emile Durkheim


  • Believed that society was composed of interdependent and interconnected parts that were put together to keep instability held collectively by shared social construct
• Alfred Radcliff-Brown


  • Considered the entire parts of the community work together to maintain stability for a healthy society
• Robert Merton


  • Noted that social processes has different functions: Manifest Functions - expected outcomes, Latent Functions - unintended outcomes, Dysfunctions - undesirable outcomes
• Karl Marx


  • Marxism - sees society as a competition for limited resources, Believed that society was composed of individuals in various social classes competing for resources
• Max Weber


  • Added that aside from economic inequalities, there were also inequalities of social structure and political power that caused struggle, Various groups were treated differently based on race, gender, and educational attainment
• Symbolic Interactionism


  Human relationship of individuals within a society or human interaction
• Symbolic Interactionism (Nancy J. Herman and Larry T. Reynolds)


  • This orientation showed people as active individuals in the process of socialization than merely state of human action
• Symbolic Interactionism (George Herbert Mead)


  • Founding father of Symbolic Interactionism
• Symbolic Interactionism (Herbert Blumer)

  • Coined the term & basic premises
• Symbolic Interactionism (John Macionis)

  • The increase of group members trims down the exquisite interaction of individual members
• Primary Group


  Small group with members engaged in tight, private, and lasting relationships, Plays a vital part in the socialization process
• Secondary Group


  Small or big group usually formed for a short-term period, Its members tend to relate to others only in specific roles and for practical reasons
• In-Group


  Social group to which a person identifies with, May form within our secondary group
• Out-Group


  Groups to which a person does not identify with
• Reference Group


  Element or component that individuals use as a standard towards the achievement of a desired behavior in making judgement about the quality of life or things, Provides a standard of measurement
• Networks


  Created because of the need to establish connection for some reasons, Includes individuals who come into causal connection but who do not have the sense of belongingness
• Social Networks


  Influential in a wide range of online platforms used for building relationships with other people
• Patrilocal Residence


  Man remains in his father's house after reaching maturity and brings his wife to live with his family
• Matrilocal Residence


  Woman remains in her mother's household after reaching maturity and brings her husband to live with her family after marriage
• Ambilocal Residence


  "Bilocal residence", Societal post marital residence in which couples, upon marriage, choose to live with or near their spouse's parents
• Neolocal Residence


  Type of post-marital residence in which a newly married couple resides separately from both the husband's natal household and the wife's natal household
• Socialization


  Processes in which we acquire knowledge, language, values, skills, and habits of a society
• Socialization


  • Influenced by the society a person lives in and the social group he/she interacts with
  • The process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society
• Enculturation


  Process of being socialized into a certain culture
• Identity Formation


  • Development of the distinct personality of an individual
  • Defines individuals to others and themselves