Cell Processes

• Products


  The finished compounds, found on the right side of the arrow in a chemical reaction equation
• Reactants


  The raw materials placed on the left side of the arrow in a chemical reaction equation
• Catalyst


  Helps make the final product, found on the top of the arrow in a chemical reaction equation
• Cell transport


  The movement of substances across the cell membrane
• Types of transport


  • Active
  • Passive
• Active transport


  Requires energy
• Passive transport


  Does not require energy
• Cell membrane


  The organelle responsible for allowing materials to enter/exit the cell
• Types of passive transport

  • Osmosis
  • Diffusion
• Osmosis


  The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable surface
• Diffusion


  The movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration
• Cell placed in salty solution

  The cell shrinks
• Cell needs to carry out active transport


  When it needs to transport substances against a concentration gradient
• Egg lab


  1. Proved passive transport

  2. Could tell by water moving in/out of the cell
• Types of transport


  • Osmosis
  • Diffusion
  • Active transport
• Hypertonic solution


  Causes the cell to shrink
• Hypotonic solution


  Causes the cell to swell
• Isotonic solution


  Causes the cell to stay the same size
• Autotrophs


  Carry out photosynthesis to create food for themselves
• Bromothymol blue


  A chemical indicator used to confirm that photosynthesis has taken place
• The products of photosynthesis are circled, the reactants are underlined, and the catalyst is highlighted in the equation
• Respiration


  The process cells use to make ATP, their energy molecule
• Cells need to carry out respiration


  To have a continuous supply of energy
• ATP


  The body's energy molecule
• Differences between aerobic respiration and fermentation

  • Aerobic respiration uses O2, fermentation does not
  • Aerobic respiration creates more ATP, fermentation creates less
  • Aerobic respiration has CO2 as a waste product, fermentation has alcohol or lactic acid
• Similarities between aerobic respiration and fermentation

  • Both use enzymes as a catalyst
  • Both create ATP
  • Both break down glucose
• Your cells carry out aerobic respiration
• Mitochondria


  The organelle that carries out aerobic respiration
• Foods made by lactic acid fermentation


  • Sour cream, cheese, yogurt
• Food and drink made by yeast fermentation


  • Bread, wine
• Bacterial fermentation


  Glucose → 2 lactic acid
• Yeast fermentation


  Glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 CO2
• Fermentation


  Produces 2 ATP
• Aerobic respiration


  Produces 36 ATP
• Reactants for aerobic respiration

  • Glucose
  • Oxygen
• Waste products in aerobic respiration

  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
• Waste products in yeast fermentation

  • Alcohol
• Waste products in bacterial fermentation

  • Lactic acid