eoy science

• Health


  A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
• Communicable disease


  A disease which can be transferred from person to person (or between animals)
• Non-communicable disease


  A disease which cannot be transferred from person to person; it is caused by lifestyle choices or genes
• Obesity


  Being overweight (having a BMI greater than 30) due to too much body fat
• Why can the presence of one disease make it more likely to get others?

  • Immune system could have been weakened by the disease
  • Poor physical health can cause depression or other mental illnesses
• Lifestyle factors that can cause disease

  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Poor diet
  • Lack of exercise
• What sorts of diseases can be caused by lifestyle factors?

  • Cardiovascular disease - smoking / lack of exercise
  • Liver disease - alcohol
  • Lung cancer - smoking
  • Malnutrition / obesity - poor diet
• What two calculations can be used to identify obesity?

  • Waist:hip ratio
  • BMI (body mass index)
• BMI (body mass index)


  BMI = mass / (height)2
• What are the potential financial costs of non-communicable disease?
• Explain the cause of cardiovascular (heart) disease

  1. Fatty material builds up in the coronary arteries

  2. This causes a reduced blood flow and lack of oxygen to the heart muscle
• Cancer


  The uncontrolled growth and division of cells
• Benign tumours


  Not cancerous
• Evaluation of different cardiovascular treatments


  • Life-long medication
  • Mechanical devices e.g. stents
  • Transplants
  • Lifestyle changes
• Pathogen


  Disease causing microorganism
• Types of pathogen


  • Viruses
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Protists
• How bacteria can cause harm

  Bacteria produce toxins (poisons) that damage tissues and make us feel ill
• How viruses can cause harm


  Viruses live and reproduce inside cells and cause cell damage
• How disease can be spread by air


  When someone with the disease coughs or sneezes, they release thousands of tiny droplets that contain virus particles
• Atomic number


  The number of protons in an atom' nucleus
• Groups


  The vertical columns in the periodic table
• Periods


  The horizontal rows in the periodic table
• Atomic weight


  Another name for the 'mass number'
• Mass number


  The total number of protons and neutrons
• Ion


  An atom (or group of atoms) that has lost or gained electrons to become positively or negatively charged
• Cation


  Positively charged ion
• Anion


  Negatively charged ion
• Electrostatic attraction


  An attractive force between positive and negative particles
• Ionic compound


  A giant structure of ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
• Empirical formula


  The simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in a compound
• Delocalised electrons


  Free electrons not attached to a particular atom
• Scalar


  A quantity with magnitude (size) only
• Vector


  A quantity with magnitude and direction
• Displacement


  Distance moved in a straight line from start to finish in the direction of that straight line
• Average speed


  Distance travelled divided by time taken
• Velocity


  Speed in a specific direction

  
• Acceleration


  Change in velocity per second
• Deceleration


  Slowing down (negative acceleration)
• Weight


  A force acting on an object due to gravity
• Centre of mass


  A single point where the weight of an object may be considered to act