Sexual and asexual reproduction

Created by

Lois Astley

Cards (16)

What are gametes?
Sex cells that contain half the number of chromosomes of a normal cell
Human gametes have 23 chromosomes
What are the male and female gametes in animals?
Male gametes are sperm cells
Female gametes are egg cells
What are the male and female gametes in flowering plants?
Male gametes are pollen cells
Female gametes are egg cells
How many parents are involved in sexual reproduction?
Two
Sexual reproduction needs a gamete from the male and the female gamete
What is fertilisation?
When a male gamete and a female gamete fuse together to form a cell with a full number of chromosomes
Cells formed by fertilisation have half of its chromosomes from male and female gamete
How does the cell produced by fertilisation turn into an embryo?
Divided lots of times by mitosis
What happens to the cells in an embryo as it develops?
It differentiates and therefore becomes specialised
Why does sexual reproduction cause variation in offspring?
It produces offspring that have half of their chromosomes from their mother and half from their father. This mixing of genetic information produces variation.
Offspring inherits features from both parents but they are not identical to either parent
What type of cell division produces gametes? 
Meiosis
How are gametes formed by meiosis?
The DNA of each chromosome in the original cell is duplicated. The cell then divided twice, to create four gametes each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell
Where does meiosis take place?
In the reproductive organs
Are the gametes formed by meiosis genetically each other?
No
Having gametes that are genetically different produces variation in offspring
How many parents are involved in asexual reproduction?
One
Does asexual reproduction involve the fusion of gametes?
It does not
What is the only type of cell division introduced in asexual reproduction?
Mitosis
Gametes are not needed for asexual reproduction so meiosis is not involved
At the genetic level, how do offspring created by asexual reproduction compare to their parent?
They are genetically identical (clones) to their parents and offspring are identical to each other