science ig

• Allele


  Different forms of a gene
• Amniotic fluid


  the liquid that surrounds and protects the developing baby in the uterus
• Asexual reproduction


  A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
• Birth


  The process of pushing a baby out the womb.
• Cervix


  the opening between the vagina and the uterus.
• Diploid cell


  A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent. (46)
• DNA


  Deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is located in the nucleus of the cell and is the carrier of genetic information for all physical traits/characteristics.
• DNA replication


  The process by which DNA creates a copy of itself.

  DNA unzips into two parts and splits with the cell. In it's new home each side of the DNA strand attach to matching nucleotides to create 2 exact copies.
• Dominant


  An allele that is always expressed
• Egg


  Female gamete/sex cell.

  Also called an ovum.
• What is an embryo?

  The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.
• When is a zygote considered an embryo?


  The moment the amniotic sac begins to develop.
• Fertilisation


  Fusing of a male gamete with a female gamete.
• Fetus


  In humans, the term for the developing organism between the embryonic stage and birth.
• Gamete


  sex cell
• Gene


  A section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
• Genotype


  genetic makeup of an organism; the genes responsible for specific characteristics.
• Haploid cell


  A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n) (23).
• Heterozygous


  An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
• Homozygous


  An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
• Implantation


  The process by which the zygote attaches to the uterine wall
• Meiosis


  A cell doubles their chromosomes, and then splits once to make 2 new cells, then splits in half again to make 4 Haploid daughter cells. These cells go through various stages that create variation between all of them; ensuring they end up genetically different.
• MItosis


  A cell 'unzips' it's DNA into two strands. Due to the base-pairing rule, the 2 unzipped parts can then create their second half to be identical to each other (92 chromosomes total). Then the parent cell splits into two new identical, diploid cells.
• Meiosis produces:


  4 haploid cells (gametes). It's responsible for producing gametes.
• Mitosis produces


  2 identical diploid cells. It's responsible for growth and repair of new body cells
• Ovary


  Contains the eggs.
• Oviduct/fallopian tubes


  the tube through which an ovum or egg passes from an ovary and where fertilisation occurs.
• Penis


  External sex organ of the male.
• Phenotype


  physical characteristics of an organism
• Prostate gland


  A gland below the bladder that produce a fluid that provides the sperm cells with nutrients.
• recessive


  An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
• reproduction


  the production of offspring
• Scrotum


  External sac that contains and regulates the temperature of the testes (below body temp).
• Semen


  A thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system. (comes from the prostate gland)
• Sexual reproduction


  A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
• sperm


  The male gamete.
• testes


  Glands in the scrotum that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone.
• trait


  A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
• Urethra


  A tube by which the urine exits the body.
• uterus


  Where the foetus develops.