Histo Lec 17

• bone


  The structural component of the musculoskeletal
• • body support
  • point of attachment of muscles.


  function of bone
• skeletal muscle


  The contractile portion of musculoskeletal system
• • support
  • locomotion.


  function of skeletal muscle
• support and movement of the body


  Primary function of musculoskeletal system
• density

  biochemical properties

  biological properties (dynamic properties)


  Physical Properties of Bone
• about 15% less dense than compact bone.


  trabecular bone
• Collagenous fibers

  - impart tensile strength to the bone

  Hydroxyapatite crystals

  - impart compressive strength


  Biochemical Properties of Bone
• a. Endochondral ossification

  b. Internal remodeling, modeling, repair, and

  calcium metabolism.


  Biological properties (Dynamic properties)
• - Skeletal Muscle

  - Loose and Dense Connective Tissues

  - Vessels

  - Lymphatics

  - Nerves


  components of muscle (5)
• facia


  Glossy, skeletal muscle masses are separated from each other by a DWFCT called
• epimysium


  Fascia corresponds to the capsule of a solid organ and is called
• perimysium


  This epimysium into the muscle mass forms a covering around individual muscle bundles as the
• endomysium


  Individual fibers of the bundles or fascicles are separated from each other by a delicate network of loose connective tissue called the
• muscle-tendon junction.


  The connective tissue investments of muscles are continuous with the connective tissue to which they are anchored at the ___
• junction


  is the site where the actin filaments of the muscle are attached to the sarcolemma.
• tendon


  connects muscles to their points of attachment like the bone.
• tendon


  has a tremendous tensile strength.
• endotenon


  Tendons consist of bundles of collagenous fibers bound together by a perimysial-like connective tissue called
• epitendineum (epitenon)


  The entire tendon is enclosed by a connective tissue sheath called ____ which is similar to the epimysium.
• synovial sheaths


  Areolar connective tissue between tendons and their fibrous sheaths are called ____ at points of friction along their paths.
• mesotenon


  zone of continuity and contact between the two layers is called the
• Sharpey's fibers


  The actual attachment of the tendon to the bone or cartilage is achieved by ____ which are embedded in the bone or cartilage and are continuous as the collagenous fibers of the fibro cartilage and the tendon.
• - Myoneural Junction (motor endplate)

  - Neuromuscular spindle apparatus

  - Neurotendinous organs (Golgi tendon organs)


  The muscle organ is innervated by nervous structures important for its normal functioning these are:
• myoneural junction (motor plate)


  is the point of attachment between the nerve terminal and the muscle fiber. other name?
• neuromuscular spindle apparatus


  consists of muscle fibers, nerve endings and connective

  tissue enclosed by a connective tissue capsule.
• - muscle fibers

  - nerve endings and

  - connective tissue

  - connective tissue capsule.

  Neuromuscular spindle apparatus is consists of?
• neuromuscular spindle apparatus 


  muscle fibers, nerve endings and connective

  tissue enclosed by a connective tissue capsule.
• - maintains muscle tone

  - minimizes damage by excessive stretching of muscles.


  function of neuromuscular spindle apparatus
• Neurotendinous organs


  are structures, which consist of collagenous fibers that are contained within a connective tissue capsule.
• Neurotendinous organs 


  contain numerous afferent terminals and cells.
• Neurotendinous organs

  located in the tendons close to their junction with the muscle mass.
• monitors the intensity of muscle contraction.


  function of Neurotendinous organs (Golgi tendon organs)
• bone to bone

  ligaments
• muscle to bone

  tendon