chem t1

• Isotope


  Forms of the same element that contain equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
• Protons


  Atomic number
• Neutrons


  Atomic mass - atomic number (round atomic mass to nearest whole number)
• Atomic mass


  Protons + neutrons
• Combustion


  Burning of fossil fuels
• Combustion


  Hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide + water
• Hydrocarbon


  Compound made of hydrogen and carbon
• Combustion


  Hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• Combustion


  • Methane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
  • CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
• Photosynthesis


  1. When there is sunlight plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen

  2. 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Nuclear fuel


  • Nuclear is released from nucleus of an atom when nucleus undergoes fission (break apart) or fusion (join together)
  • Used to generate electricity - does not burn
  • Nuclear fuel - uranium
• Nuclear decay


  • Breakdown of an unstable atomic nucleus resulting in the release of energy and/or matter
  • Elements that undergo nuclear decay are called radioisotopes
• Alpha decay


  Atom emits two protons and two neutrons from its nucleus
• Beta decay


  1. Neutron turns into a proton and electron

  2. Electron emitted as a beta particle
• Gamma decay


  1. High frequency, short wavelength, electromagnetic radiation release

  2. No change in particles

  3. Often occurs alongside alpha or beta decay
• Effect of nuclear energy on organisms