Is an excellent time to meet with employees to discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
Semiannual Performance Appraisal
The promotion of employees until they reach their highest level of incompetence.
Peter Principle
The most common type of performance appraisal.
Supervisor Rating
Often see the actual behavior.
Peers
Also called upward feedback is an important component of 360-degree feedback, as subordinates can provide a very different view about a supervisor's behavior.
Subordinates
Allowing an employee to evaluate her own behavior and performance is a technique used by only a small percentage of organizations.
Self-Appraisal
Are ways of describing employee success.
Criteria
Focus on traits, competencies, task types, or goals.
Appraisal Dimensions
Concentrates on such employee attributes as dependability, honesty, and courtesy.
Trait-Focused Performance Dimensions
Concentrate on the employee's knowledge, skills, and abilities.
Competency-Focused Performance Dimensions
Organized by the similarity of tasks that are performed.
Task-focused Performance Dimensions
Basis of goals to be accomplished by the employee.
Goal-Focused Performance Dimensions
The effort an employee makes to have good relationship with peers, improve the organization, and perform tasks that are needed but are necessarily an official part of the employee's job description.
Contextual Performance
The easiest and most common method of employee comparison; employees are ranked in order by their judged performance for each relevant dimension.
Rank Order
This method involves comparing each possible pair of employees and choosing which one of each pair is the better employee.
Paired comparison
A predetermined percentage of employees are placed in each of the five categories.
Forced distribution
A second way to evaluate performance is to use what are commonly called _.
Objective/Hard criteria
Counting the number of relevant job behaviors that take place.
Quantity of Work
Measured in terms of error.
Quality of Work
Employees who follow safety rules and who have no occupational accidents do not cost an organization as much money as those who break rules, equipment, and possibly own bodies.
Safety
Most common rating scale.
Graphic Rating Scale
Consists of list of behaviors, expectations, or results for each dimension; Used to force the supervisor to concentrate on the relevant behaviors that fall under a dimension.
Behavioral Checklists
A more formal method for using critical incidents in evaluating performance; consists of a two color form.
Employee Performance Record
A common type of error in evaluating employee performance involves the distribution of ratings on a rating scale.
Distribution Errors
Rate every employee at the upper end of the scale regardless of the actual performance of the employees.
Leniency Error
A supervisor Rating every employee in the middle of the scale.
Central Tendency Error
Rates every employee at the low end of the scale.
Strictness Error
A rater allows either a single attribute or an overall impression of an individual to affect the ratings that she makes on each relevant job dimension; occurs especially when the rater has little knowledge of the job and is less familiar with the person being rated; common in peer ratings.
Halo Errors
Occur when a rating made on one dimension affects the rating made on the dimension that immediately follows it on the rating scale.
Proximity Errors
The performance rating one person receives can be influenced by the performance of a previously evaluated person.
Contrast Errors
Recent behaviors are given more weight in the performance evaluation than behaviors that occured during the first few months of evaluation period.
Recency Effect
Many managers or supervisors do not have the opportunity to observe a representative sample of employee behavior.
Infrequent Observation
A process in which the negative feedback is sandwiched with positive feedback.
Feedback Sandwich
Employment-at-will doctrine in most states allows employers freedom to fire an employee without a reason at will.
Private Sector
What kind of sector is this: An employee can be fired only for cause?
Public Sector
Laws that an employee can be fired only for cause.
State Law
Employees cannot be fired for reasons protected by federal or state Law.
Provisionsoffederalorstate law
An individual employee has a signed employment contract stipulating a particular period of employment, an organization cannot fire the employee without cause.
Contracts
If an employer implies that an employee "had a job for life" or can be fired only for certain reasons.
Implied Contracts
Though employers are generally free to hire and fire at will, the courts have ruled that employers must still act in good faith and deal fairly with an employee.