CHEMISTRY

• CHEMISTRY is the study of matter - its composition, properties and the changes it undergoes
• MATTER


  Anything that has mass and occupies space
• MASS


  The amount of matter contained in an object
• VOLUME


  The amount of space occupied by matter
• SOLID


  • Compact
  • Definite shape and volume
  • Incompressible
  • Usually have low temperature
• LIQUID


  • Compact to slightly spaced
  • Indefinite shape but definite volume
  • Incompressible
  • Usually have low to high temperature
• GAS


  • Spaced apart
  • Indefinite shape and indefinite volume
  • Compressible
  • Usually have high temperature
• PHASE CHANGES


  1. Solid

  2. Liquid

  3. Gas
• INTENSIVE PROPERTIES


  Properties that do NOT depend on the amount of matter in a substance
• INTENSIVE PROPERTIES


  • Boiling, Freezing, Melting Points
  • Density
  • Buoyancy
  • Ductility
  • Malleability
  • Elasticity
  • Viscosity
• EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES


  Properties that depend on the amount of matter in a substance
• EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES


  • Mass
  • Volume
  • Energy
  • Entropy
  • Charge
• DENSITY


  Mass per unit volume
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY


  Ratio of the density of a sample and the density of a reference substance (usually water)
• APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY


  Ratio between the weights of equal volumes of a sample and water
• TRUE SPECIFIC GRAVITY


  Ratio between the weights in a vacuum of equal volumes of a sample and water
• If the SG of a sample is less than 1, it will float
• PURE SUBSTANCES


  Made of only one kind of substance
• PURE SUBSTANCES


  • Elements
  • Compounds
• ELEMENTS


  • Made of only one kind of atom
• ELEMENTS


  • Non-Metals
  • Metals
  • Metalloids
• COMPOUNDS


  • Made up of only one type of molecule (two or more atoms that are chemically bonded)
• COMPOUNDS


  • Ionic
  • Covalent
  • Metallic
• MIXTURES


  Made up of two or more different kinds of substances
• MIXTURES


  • Homogenous
  • Heterogenous
• HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES


  Mixtures wherein only one phase is discernible; commonly called "solutions"
• CONCENTRATION


  Measure of the relative amounts of the components of a solution
• SOLUTE


  The component that dissolves in the solvent
• SOLVENT


  The component that dissolves other components of the solution
• SOLUBILITY


  The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a particular solvent under specific conditions
• TYPES OF COLLOIDS


  • Solid in Solid
  • Solid in Liquid
  • Liquid in Liquid
  • Liquid in Gas
  • Solid in Gas
  • Gas in Solid
  • Gas in Liquid
• Brownian Motion is the movement of the particles in a colloid
• Tyndall Effect is the scattering of light as it passes through a colloid
• All matter is made of atoms
• ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER

  • Atoms of the same element are identical
  • Atoms can combine to produce other substances
  • Atoms combine in specific proportion to form a specific substance
• COMPONENTS OF AN ATOM

  • Protons
  • Neutrons
  • Electrons
• IONS


  Atoms or molecules that are charged due to the unequal number of electrons and protons
• IONS

  • Cation (positive ion)
  • Anion (negative ion)
• ISOTOPES


  Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons, thus different mass numbers
• ISOMERS


  Different compounds have the same formula but their atoms are arranged differently