Presh

• Methods of Reasoning


  Deductive and Inductive reasoning
• Methods of reasoning


  Relationship to scientific inquiry and everyday life
• Scientific Inquiry


  1. Process of scientific inquiry

  2. Significance of the scientific method
• Biological Techniques


  • Microscopy
  • Slide preparation
  • Common experiments in the biological field
• Careers in Biology


  • Examples of careers in Biology
  • Testimonies and proof of trials and tribulations in the field
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should always be worn inside the laboratory
• Females MUST have their hair tied back during every laboratory session
• Bags and other items must be left at designated cubicles/parts of the room
• When utilizing chemicals and reagents, each group must have a copy of the material safety data sheet (MSDS) of the specific chemical
• NO DRINKING AND/OR EATING INSIDE THE LABORATORY
• Never directly smell or touch chemicals. Wafting should be practiced in place of direct inhalation
• Each student must submit an emergency contact card
• All deadlines must be followed. Deductions for late submissions will be as follows: one (1) day = two (2) points, two (2) days = three (3) points, three (3) days = five (5) points. Submissions that exceed three (3) days will no longer be accepted
• All handouts, worksheets, and Slides will be available in the eLMS
• Class participation will not only be based on face-to-face interactions. Involvement and participation in eLMS activities, quizzes, and discussions are also considered
• Some activities will be conducted outside of classroom hours. These activities often require Internet connection
• Basic Calculus is a subject that provides a vast amount of knowledge and teaches complex equations
• Basic Calculus is widely known as one of the hardest subjects for STEM students due to its complexity
• The researchers plan to interview the STEM students of STI Novaliches to find their worries and difficulties on Basic Calculus and to also know their coping strategies
• The researchers aim to help the students have a more comfortable and easier life when it comes to Basic Calculus
• The researchers will pinpoint the underlying problems and factors as to why the STEM students of STI are struggling with Basic Calculus and address the problems through various coping strategies
• The researchers will perform a series of interviews regarding the students' hardships and their ways to remedy them
• Reasons why students find Basic Calculus challenging

  • Gaps in knowledge
  • Complex equations
  • Abstract concepts
  • Lack of motivation
• Some students at STI are doing well in Basic Calculus, perhaps because they can quickly understand the concepts, have an interest in mathematics, or can easily adapt the complex equations
• The researchers aim to identify the different perspectives of the students in Basic Calculus and find effective ways to address the problem of some students having difficulties in understanding it
• The purpose of this study is to investigate the issues that STEM students encounter in learning Basic Calculus and to develop effective coping mechanisms that can help them overcome these difficulties
• Cognitive learning theory


  Theory proposed by Jean Piaget that there are 4 stages in cognitive development, focusing on the formal operational stage where learning depends on students' hands-on interactions with objects rather than the transmission of information
• The researchers found that Jean Piaget's cognitive learning theory is the most beneficial for their studies as it focuses on how a student's environment affects their way of learning
• The researchers aim to improve upon or expand on Jean Piaget's cognitive learning theory and use it to see if certain things will align with the concerns and difficulties of the students, such as equation complexity or a student's cognitive perception
• The researchers formed a conceptual map to assess the variables and factors in their study, including independent variables (equation complexity), dependent variables (learner's cognitive development and perception), and mediator variables (factors concerning students)
• Cognitive Development


  The process through which individuals acquire and enhance cognitive skills and abilities, often progressing through stages of increasing complexity and sophistication
• Cognitive Skills


  Mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge, including perception, reasoning, memory, and problem-solving
• Complexity


  The state of being intricate, multifaceted, or difficult to understand, as applied to a subject or concept
• study, results might not apply to other academic levels
• Instead of exploring more complicated topics, the researchers will concentrate on the fundamental concepts of algebra, geometry, and trigonometry
• While acknowledged, this study does not fully explore the effects of outside variables, such as individual circumstances
• While offering insights into the nature of Basic Calculus challenges in Grade 11, this study does not suggest any particular interventions or remedies
• Complexity


  The state of being intricate, multifaceted, or difficult to understand, as applied to mathematical concepts like derivatives in calculus
• Concept


  An abstract idea or general notion that represents objects, events, or experiences, forming the basis of understanding in a particular subject area
• Coping Mechanism


  An adaptation to environmental stress that is based on conscious or unconscious choice and that enhances control over behavior or gives psychological comfort