PSYCH 102 - Gender and Sexuality

• What is the main premise of Alderian Theory regarding people's physical condition at birth?


  People are born with weak, inferior bodies that lead to feelings of inferiority.
• What does a feeling of unity with others signify in Alderian Theory?


  It is inherent in people and serves as the ultimate standard for psychological health.
• What is the first tenet of Alderian Theory?


  The one dynamic force behind people's behavior is the striving for success or superiority.
• How is the final goal described in Alderian Theory?


  It is fictional, has no objective existence, but unifies personality and renders behavior comprehensive.
• What role does a person's final goal play in their feelings of inferiority?


  A person's final goal reduces the pain of inferiority feelings and directs them toward superiority or success.
• What do psychologically secure children strive toward?


  They strive toward superiority defined in terms of success and social interest.
• What is the relationship between preliminary goals and the final goal?


  People create and pursue many preliminary goals, often unconsciously connected to their final goal.
• How does Adler's analogy of the playwright relate to personal goals?


  When an individual's final goal is known, all actions and subgoals acquire new significance, similar to a playwright's final scene giving meaning to dialogue and subplots.
• What ignites feelings of inferiority according to Alderian Theory?


  Physical deficiencies ignite feelings of inferiority due to an innate tendency toward completion or wholeness.
• What is the innate striving force in Alderian Theory?


  The striving force is innate and directed by feelings of inferiority and the goal of superiority.
• What must happen for the striving for success to develop?


  It must be developed, with heredity establishing potentiality and the environment aiding in social interest and courage.
• How do psychologically healthy people view their success?


  They are motivated by social interest and the success of all humankind, seeing their success as part of a larger community benefit.
• What is the difference between striving for personal superiority and striving for social interest?


  Striving for personal superiority has little concern for others and is motivated by exaggerated feelings of inferiority.
• What does fictionalism in Alderian Theory suggest about people's motivations?


  People are motivated not by what is true, but by their subjective perceptions of what is true.
• Who influenced Adler's ideas on fictionalism?


  Hans Vaihinger, through his book "The Philosophy of 'As If'".
• What is an example of a fictional belief mentioned in the study material?


  Men are superior to women.
• How do physical inferiorities relate to motivation in Alderian Theory?


  Physical challenges become meaningful when they stimulate feelings of inferiority, driving people to strive for success.
• What do historical examples like Beethoven and Demosthenes illustrate in Alderian Theory?


  They illustrate how overcoming physical deficiencies can lead to significant contributions to society.
• What does teleology explain in terms of behavior?


  It explains behavior in terms of its final purpose or aim, usually concerned with the future.
• How does causality differ from teleology?


  Causality considers behavior as stemming from a specific cause, usually dealing with past experiences.
• What was Freud's view of motivation?


  Freud believed that people are driven by past events that activate present behavior.
• What is the third tenet of Alderian Theory regarding personality?


  Personality is unified and self-constructed.
• What does the concept of organ dialect refer to?


  It refers to how the body expresses the language of an individual's lifestyle.
• How do conscious and unconscious actions interact in Alderian Theory?


  Conscious and unconscious actions work together rather than being opposites.
• What is the fourth tenet of Alderian Theory?


  Social interest and community feeling (Gemeinschaftsgefühl) are core concepts.
• How is social interest defined in Alderian Theory?


  It refers to the sense of connection and cooperation people have with others for the well-being of everyone.
• What is the significance of a developed gemeinschaftsgefühl?


  A person with developed gemeinschaftsgefühl works for the betterment of all, not just personal gains.
• How do early childhood relationships influence social interest?


  The roots of social interest start during early childhood through the relationship between the mother and child.
• What role does the mother play in fostering social interest?


  The mother teaches cooperation and meaningful social connections, showing warmth and support.
• What is the father's role in fostering social interest?


  The father should avoid extremes in parenting to prevent emotional distance or authoritarianism.
• How is a person's value defined in Alderian Theory?


  A person's ability to connect with and care for others defines their value, not personal achievements.
• What does the fifth tenet of Alderian Theory refer to?


  The fifth tenet refers to the style of life, which is the self-consistent personality structure.
• What does style of life encompass?


  Style of life includes a person's goal, self-concept, feelings for others, and attitude toward the world.
• How do people with a healthy style of life approach their goals?


  They are flexible in achieving their goals and open to new ways of finding success.
• What are the three major problems of life that people actively struggle with?

  Neighborly love, sexual love, and occupation.
• How does creative power influence a person's life?

  Creative power gives control over life, influences final goals, and promotes social interest.
• What leads to abnormal development in Alderian Theory?


  A lack of social interest leads to maladjustment.
• What are common traits of neurotics according to Alderian Theory?


  Neurotics often set goals too high, live in a private world, and have a rigid, dogmatic lifestyle.
• How do exaggerated physical deficiencies affect individuals?


  They develop a strong sense of inferiority and become overly self-focused in problem-solving.
• What is a pampered style of life in Alderian Theory?


  A pampered style of life leads to weak social interest and feelings of entitlement due to overprotective parenting.