psychology - conditioning

Cards (24)

  • Conditioning
    Type of learning that involves stimulus based response connections
  • Classical conditioning

    Form of learning where one stimulus calls forth the response usually called by another stimulus
  • Unconditioned stimulus (US)
    Stimulus that causes a response that is automatic and not learned
  • Unconditioned response (UR)
    The automatic response to unconditioned stimulus
  • Conditioned response (CR)
    Learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or meaningless
  • Conditioned stimulus (CS)
    Previously neutral stimulus that because of pairing with an unconditioned response, now causes a conditioned response
  • Neutral stimulus (NS)

    Stimulus that that has no association to a response
  • Extinction
    When the conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by an unconditioned response, it loses its ability to bring a conditioned response
  • Spontaneous recovery
    Displaying responses that were extinguished earlier, revival of the response follows a period in which the conditioned response does not occur
  • Generalization
    Responding the same way to similar stimuli
  • Discrimination
    The act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other
  • Operant conditioning
    People and animals learn to do certain things and not to do others because of the results or consequences
  • Reinforcement
    The process by which a stimulus increases the chances that the preceding behavior will occur again
  • Positive reinforcement
    Increases the frequency of the behavior they follow, a person receives something they want following the behavior
  • Negative reinforcement
    Increases the frequency of the behavior that follows when they are removed, something unwanted stops following the behavior
  • Punishment
    Unwanted events that, when they are applied, decrease the frequency of the behavior they follow
  • Rewards
    Sometimes positive reinforcement, figure out what the subject wants
  • Continuous reinforcement
    Reinforcement every time the behavior occurs
  • Partial reinforcement
    Not every time, alternative
  • Fixed interval
    Exact amount of time between reinforcement
  • Variable interval
    Varying time between reinforcement
  • Fixed ratio
    Reinforcement after specific amount of responses
  • Variable ratio
    Reinforcement after varying amount of responses
  • Observational learning
    Knowledge and skills that are acquired by observing and imitating others, consequences ie vicarious reinforcement