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psych - learning and memory
psychology - conditioning
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Created by
Giaan Tran
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Cards (24)
Conditioning
Type of learning that involves
stimulus
based
response
connections
Classical
conditioning
Form of learning where one
stimulus
calls forth the response usually called by another
stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
Stimulus that causes a response that is
automatic
and not
learned
Unconditioned response (UR)
The
automatic
response to
unconditioned
stimulus
Conditioned response (CR)
Learned response to a
stimulus
that was previously
neutral
or meaningless
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Previously
neutral stimulus that because of pairing with an unconditioned response, now causes a
conditioned
response
Neutral stimulus
(
NS
)
Stimulus that that has
no
association to a
response
Extinction
When the
conditioned
stimulus is no longer followed by an unconditioned response, it loses its ability to bring a
conditioned
response
Spontaneous recovery
Displaying responses that were extinguished earlier,
revival
of the response follows a period in which the
conditioned
response does not occur
Generalization
Responding the
same
way to similar
stimuli
Discrimination
The act of responding
differently
to stimuli that are not
similar
to each other
Operant conditioning
People and animals learn to do certain things and not to do others because of the results or
consequences
Reinforcement
The process by which a
stimulus
increases the chances that the
preceding
behavior will occur again
Positive reinforcement
Increases the frequency of the
behavior
they follow, a person receives something they want following the
behavior
Negative reinforcement
Increases
the frequency of the behavior that follows when they are removed, something
unwanted
stops following the behavior
Punishment
Unwanted
events that, when they are applied,
decrease
the frequency of the behavior they follow
Rewards
Sometimes
positive reinforcement
, figure out what the subject
wants
Continuous reinforcement
Reinforcement
every time
the behavior occurs
Partial reinforcement
Not every time,
alternative
Fixed interval
Exact
amount of time between
reinforcement
Variable interval
Varying time between
reinforcement
Fixed ratio
Reinforcement after specific
amount
of responses
Variable ratio
Reinforcement
after
varying
amount of responses
Observational learning
Knowledge and skills that are acquired by observing and
imitating
others, consequences ie
vicarious reinforcement