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G9 Biology Revision
Evolution
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Cards (23)
What are
homologous
structures
?
Similarity
in animal
bone
structure that
hints
common
ancestry.
Common structures include
limbs
,
arms
and
spines
What are
Vestigial
Structures
?
Something that
no
longer
has
use
but has
remained
throughout
evolution
How is embryology evidence for evolution?
Most
organisms
appear
the
same
during the
first
stages
of
embryonic
development
What is
radiometric
dating
?
Using
half-lives
of an
element
to
determine
the
age
of a
fossil
What is
relative
dating
?
Determining the
age
of a
fossil
by
comparing
it to the
geological
position
of
other
rocks
How does DNA evidence show evolution?
Comparing
amount
of
differences
in
genes
of
organisms
over
time
How does bacteria show evolution?
The same type of
bacteria
can
evolve
quickly
to
resist
antibiotics
at a high level
What is
variation
?
The
difference
of
traits
between
organisms
in a
poluation
What is
mutation
?
a
change
in the
DNA
of an
organism
to
cause
a
different
phenotype
What is
adaptation
?
A
change
in
traits
that helps an
organism
survive
in it's
environment.
What is
fitness
?
a word to describe
how
well
an
organism
has
adapted
to it's
environment
What is
evolution
?
The
change
in
heritable
traits
in
living
things
over
time
What is
natural
selection
?
The process where
evolution
occurs
, often referred to as "
Survival of the Fittest
"
What is
selective
breeding
?
Where humans
intentionally
breed
animals to
target
selected
traits
What is
stabilizing
selection
?
A type of natural selection that
favors
the
average
phenotype
and
reduces variation
in a
population.
What is
directional
selection
?
Selection that
favors
individuals
at
one
extreme
of a
trait
distribution.
What is
disruptive
selection
?
Selection that favors
extreme
phenotypes
over
intermediate
ones.
What is the
bottleneck
effect
?
When a
random
,
small
population
of the organism
survives
, causing a
sudden
change
in
allele
frequency
What is the founders effect?
When a number of
organisms
establish a
new population
somewhere,
changing
allele frequencies
What is
allele
frequency
?
The
frequency
of a
specific
allele
in a
population.
How does the fossil record show evidence of evolution?
Changes
in
inherited traits
over
time
What is
gene
flow?
The
transfer
of
genetic material
from
one
population
to
another.
How does gene flow affect genetic diversity?
It
restricts
the
movement
of
genes
in a
population