Evolution

Cards (23)

  • What are homologous structures?

    Similarity in animal bone structure that hints common ancestry. Common structures include limbs, arms and spines
  • What are Vestigial Structures?

    Something that no longer has use but has remained throughout evolution
  • How is embryology evidence for evolution?
    Most organisms appear the same during the first stages of embryonic development
  • What is radiometric dating?

    Using half-lives of an element to determine the age of a fossil
  • What is relative dating?

    Determining the age of a fossil by comparing it to the geological position of other rocks
  • How does DNA evidence show evolution?
    Comparing amount of differences in genes of organisms over time
  • How does bacteria show evolution?
    The same type of bacteria can evolve quickly to resist antibiotics at a high level
  • What is variation?

    The difference of traits between organisms in a poluation
  • What is mutation?

    a change in the DNA of an organism to cause a different phenotype
  • What is adaptation?

    A change in traits that helps an organism survive in it's environment.
  • What is fitness?

    a word to describe how well an organism has adapted to it's environment
  • What is evolution?

    The change in heritable traits in living things over time
  • What is natural selection?

    The process where evolution occurs, often referred to as "Survival of the Fittest"
  • What is selective breeding?

    Where humans intentionally breed animals to target selected traits
  • What is stabilizing selection?

    A type of natural selection that favors the average phenotype and reduces variation in a population.
  • What is directional selection?

    Selection that favors individuals at one extreme of a trait distribution.
  • What is disruptive selection?

    Selection that favors extreme phenotypes over intermediate ones.
  • What is the bottleneck effect?

    When a random, small population of the organism survives, causing a sudden change in allele frequency
  • What is the founders effect?
    When a number of organisms establish a new population somewhere, changing allele frequencies
  • What is allele frequency?

    The frequency of a specific allele in a population.
  • How does the fossil record show evidence of evolution?
    Changes in inherited traits over time
  • What is gene flow?
    The transfer of genetic material from one population to another.
  • How does gene flow affect genetic diversity?
    It restricts the movement of genes in a population