Bio

• What are the eight life processes?

  Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Control, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
• What is movement?


  Animals move to find food. Plants grow towards the sunlight
• What is respiration?


  A chemical reaction that releases energy from food
• What is sensitivity?


  Detect and respond to changes in the environment
• What is growth?


  Increase in size by making more cells
• What is reproduction?


  All living things produce offspring and increase in number
• What is excretion?


  Removal of waste products produced by chemical reactions
• What is nutrition?


  The intake off food to provide materials and energy for growth
• What are the 6 kingdoms?

  Plants, animals, protoctists, bacteria and viruses and fungi
• What are eukaryotes?


  Cells with a nucleus. E.g. plants, animals, fungi, protoctists
• What is homeostasis?


  Control internal conditions
• What are plant cell walls made of?

  Cellulose
• How do plants store glucose?

  Carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
• Examples of plants


  Maize, peas, beans
• Features of animals


  - multicellular

  - no cell walls

  - have nervous coordination
• How do animals store glucose?

  glycogen
• Animals examples


  Humans, housefly, mosquito
• What are fungi bodies organised into

  Mycelium which are made from thread-like structures called hyphae
• Are fungi multicellular or unicellular?

  both yeast is unicellular mushrooms are multicellular
• Fungi cell walls are made of

  chitin
• How do fungi feed

  Saprotrophic nutrition- extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and absorption of the organic products
• What do fungi store glucose as

  glycogen
• Examples of fungi


  - Mucor (hyphae structure)

  - Yeast (single cell)
• Are protoctists unicellular or multicellular?

  unicellular
• Examples of protoctists


  - amoeba (like animal cell)

  - chlorella (have chloroplasts like plants)

  - plasmodium (causes malaria)
• Features of prokaryotic cells

  - bacteria

  - cell wall

  - no nucleus

  - smaller than eukaryotic cells
• Are bacteria unicellular or multicellular?

  unicellular
• What do bacteria cells contain

  Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids and loop of DNA
• What are plasmids


  small rings of DNA
• Examples of bacteria


  lactobacillus bulgaricus (makes yoghurt) , pneumococcus (causes pneumonia)
• What is a pathogen

  A microorganism that causes disease such as fungi, bacteria, protoctists and viruses
• Why aren't viruses living

  They can't grow, move, nutrition, excretion
• What does a virus consist of?

  A protein coat and either DNA or RNA inside
• Examples of viruses


  - Tobacco mosaic virus (prevents tobacco plants from making chloroplasts)

  - Influenza (causes 'flu')

  - HIV virus (causes AIDS)
• levels of organisation in the body

  Organisms > systems > organs > tissues > cells > organelles
• What does the nucleus do?

  Contains DNA that controls what the cell does
• What does the cytoplasm do

  Gel-like substance where most chemical reactions in the cell happen
• What does the cell membrane do?


  controls what goes in and out of the cell
• What does the cell wall do?

  supports and protects the cell
• What do mitochondria do?

  Where respiration takes place