week 11

• Structural glazing


  The two materials predominantly used are glass and aluminium and is a continuous system of bonding glass to an aluminium frame using specialised silicone sealants
• Technically any type of glass can be used in structural glazing
• Silicone sealants


  High-performance sealants that can protect the building from air, dust, moisture, and heat
• Three common types of Structural glazing

  • Stick Glazing
  • Semi Unitized Glazing
  • Curtain Wall Glazing
• Stick-type glazing system


  1. Vertical mullions are attached to the floor slabs first

  2. Horizontal mullions attached to the vertical mullions

  3. Glass panel between the vertical and the horizontal mullions along with the spandrel are then installed into the erected grid work
• Stick-type glazing


  Preferred for buildings that are usually less than 3-4 floors
• Stick-type glazing


  • Air, wind, and heat can play a vital role the stability and the stick glazing method takes these factors while they are built
• Stick-type glazing


  • Simpler a glazing system when compared to other curtain wall glazing systems
  • The glazing can be fabricated off-site. This allows for less erection time than other curtain wall glazing system
• Stick-type glazing


  • Lower load-bearing capacity than other curtain wall glazing systems
  • Requires more time to assemble and hence is more time consuming when compared to other curtain wall glazing systems
• Semi unitised glazing system

  1. Vertical mullions are attached first to the floor slabs

  2. Horizontals are attached to the vertical mullions to resemble a grid

  3. Glass panel and the spandrel are shop glazed and installed into the assembled grid work

  4. Joineries and perimeter sealants are fields installed
• Semi unitised glazing system

  • The vertical mullions can span two floors with ease and as a result, provide greater structural efficiency
  • Most semi-unitized glazing systems have shop-assembled or off-site assembled frames. This reduces the time and cost
• Semi unitised glazing system

  • Increased transport cost and storage cost at the manufacturer's place
• Curtain wall system


  The curtain wall does not carry any structural load from the building other than its own dead load weight. The wall transfers lateral wind loads that are incident upon it to the main building structure through connections at floors or columns of the building
• Curtain wall system


  Designed to resist air and water infiltration, absorb sway induced by wind and seismic forces acting on the building, withstand wind loads, and support its own dead load weight forces
• Curtain wall system


  Typically designed with extruded aluminum framing members, although the first curtain walls were made with steel frames. The aluminum frame is typically infilled with glass

  
• Curtain wall system


  Attention to thermal performance is crucial. The large spans of glass can make control of heat gain and "too bright" light challenging
• Curtain wall system


  Large panels are manufactured and glazed in a factory, then trucked to the construction site. Once on the construction site, the panels are lifted and fixed into place
• Curtain wall system


  Span multiple floors, and take into consideration factors of thermal expansion and contraction, diversion of water, building movement, as well as thermal efficiency for cost-effective heating, cooling, and lighting
• Curtain wall system


  Generally preferred for high rise buildings
• Curtain wall system


  • High quality fabrication in an environmentally controlled factory fabrication
  • Speedy installation due to off-site glazing
  • Decreased labour costs by shifting labour from construction site to factory
  • Higher performance from higher quality control
• Curtain wall system


  • Be-spoke engineered solution will be more expensive than other systems
  • Increased transport costs construction costs may also increase significantly
• Shopfront glazing


  Large glass panels that are erected to give a view of the interior of shops and showrooms products or services to the potential customers outside
• Glass used for shopfront glazing

  Clear or colorless, tempered and laminated glasses containing fused layers are used as they do not shatter easily
• Shopfront glazing


  The glass can be mounted on frames made of aluminium or be constructed as a frameless system

  
• Shopfront glazing


  Aluminium framed glazed bifold or stackable doors can also be used to completely open the retail space to the outside
• AS 1288:2021 – Glass in buildings – Selection and installation


  A primary reference document to the National Construction Code (NCC) that sets out procedures for the selection and installation of glass in buildings
• Float glass


  A sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal, typically tin. This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and very flat surfaces
• Laminated safety glass


  Has a polyvinyl inter layer for increased strength and safety, which will hold the panel in one piece if broken
• Heat-strengthened glass


  Processed by treating the glass with heat, much like the way toughened glasses are created, with the only exception being that the cooling process is much slower. Used in the windows of cars and curtain wall systems
• Toughened glass or tempered glass


  Made by heating glass to a molten state followed by sudden chilling with compressed air. This cooling process causes the surface to contract rapidly, forming a rigid outer layer around the glass making it much stronger than conventional glass and far more resistant to impact stress and temperature change
• Ways to improve energy efficiency in facades

  • Sunshade devices
  • Motorised external blinds
  • Double skin facades
  • Natural ventilation
• Masonry walls - Gyprock plasterboard


  10mm recessed edge Gyprock plasterboard fixed with either adhesive system or metal furring channel system
• Internal partitions - Gyprock plasterboard


  13mm plasterboard is mainly used
• Steel Framed Wall Systems

  Use zinc coated steel components with one or more layers of plasterboard linings fixed to one or both sides. Used in non-loadbearing applications, in commercial, industrial, institutional, residential and high-rise construction
• Steel Framed Wall Systems lined with Gyprock fire rated plasterboard meet the requirements of NCC Specification
• Flush jointed plasterboard ceiling

  Plasterboard sheets fixed to appropriately prepared framing. Plasterboard joints are taped and set to form a smooth flush jointed continuous ceiling suitable for painting
• Flush jointed plasterboard ceiling

  Plasterboard may be fixed directly to steel furring which is held by appropriate direct fixing clips attached to a structural support, or plasterboard is fixed directly to the furring channel which is part of a concealed grid suspended ceiling frame
• Steel Framed Plaster Board Systems

  Type of wall system
• Steel Framed Wall Systems

  Type of wall system
• Suspended Ceiling Systems


  Type of ceiling system