INTRODUCTION-METABOLISM

• Metabolism


  Sum of all biochemical reactions in a living organism
• Metabolism


  • Intricately regulated system of energy-producing and energy-utilizing chemical reactions
  • Pathways taken by individual molecule in the body, their interrelationships and the mechanism by which these pathways are regulated
• Categories of Metabolism


  • Catabolism - break down of macromolecules to smaller substances which are utilized in energy production
  • Anabolism - synthesis of macromolecules which have structural and functional roles from smaller substances
• Catabolism


  • Degradation
  • Converging process
  • Oxidative process
  • Exergonic process
• Catabolism


  • glycolysis, glycogenolysis, beta-oxidation of fatty acid
• Anabolism


  • Biosynthesis
  • Diverging process
  • Reductive process
  • Endergonic process
• Anabolism


  • gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, protein synthesis
• Digestion on the Mouth

  • Food
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
• Digestion on the Mouth

  Carbohydrates - salivary amylase - Oligosaccharides, disaccharides and monosaccharides
• Digestion in the Stomach

  Gastric juice - Pepsin - PROTEINS - Oligopeptides, dipeptides, free amino acids
• Digestion in the Small Intestine

  Short chain CHO - Peptides - Lipids - Simple sugar - Small polypeptide, free amino acids - ABSORPTION - Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Elastase, Carboxypeptidase, Aminopeptidase - Pancreatic amylase - Bile salts, Pancreatic Lipase - Free fatty acids, emulsified lipids
• Absorption


  • Simple Sugars
  • Peptides and Amino Acids
  • Fatty Acids and Emulsified Lipids
• Metabolic Pathways


  • Glycolysis
  • Kreb's Cycle
  • Glycogenesis
• ATP


  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • Energy currency of the cell
  • Acts as coenzyme for energy requiring chemical reactions