ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

• Psychopathology


  The field concerned with the nature and development of abnormal behavior
• Psychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders
• Psychological or Mental Disorder Clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or patterns that occur in an individual
• Psychopathology


  • The study of mental illness and the manifestations of behaviors
• Dom, who was once known for his reserved demeanor, has started wearing mismatched clothes in vibrant colors, speaking in rhymes during a casual conversations, and insisting using conventional utensils to eat. Which of the 4D's of Abnormal psychology is most evident in Doms situation?

  Deviance
• Raffy's situation has been struggling to maintain his daily responsibilities, finding it increasingly difficult to fulfill his work duties and personal obligations due to cognitive impairments. Which of the 4D's of Abnormal psychology is most evident?

  Dysfunction
• In a distant rural town lives Makiling, a 35 year old teacher grappling with anxiety. Despite discreetly attending therapy to address his mental health, Makiling faces judgemental glances and whispers reflecting the towns rooted belief that seeking help is a sign of weakness. Makiling experience is an example of stigma
• Cognitive dissonance


  When an individual's actions contradict their strong beliefs, causing unease or distress
• Phlegmatic


  Apathy and sluggishness
• Benjamin Franklin made significant contributions to understanding mental health, particularly through his advocacy for humane treatment among individuals with mental illness and establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital Mental Health Unit in the 18th century
• During the last quarter of the 14th century, the bizarre behavior of people afflicted with psychological disorders was seen as the work of the devil and witches, and exorcism was utilized to help cure mentally disturbed people
• Lawrence Weiskrantz is known for describing the phenomenon of blind sight or unconscious vision
• The Salem Trials is a notable example of the persecution of individuals with mental disorders due to the belief in witchcraft and possession during the Renaissance
• Syndrome


  A term referring to a group of symptoms indicative of a specific disorder
• Philippe Pinel is known for the moral management approach in the treatment of individuals with mental illness during the 18th and 19th centuries
• Edimmu is believed to be a vengeful spirit that causes disease during the 12th-17th century of the Medieval ages
• Lunatic


  A term derived from the concept that abnormal behavior is influenced by the full moon
• Diagnosis


  The process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder
• Cultural syndromes


  Cluster of symptoms and attributions that tend to co-occur among individuals in specific cultural groups, communities, or contexts, and are recognized locally as coherent patterns of experience
• Daniel's social phobia is believed to be caused by lack of socialization during his teen years, which is a one-dimensional theory
• Diathesis-stress model


  Individuals inherit a predisposition to a disorder, and it manifests with exposure to stressful events
• Bea's situation

  Learned helplessness
• Nehem's manipulative behavior can distort the observational data in diagnosing whether he has a psychological disorder
• Utilizing a standard test that has undergone rigorous cross-cultural validation is the best approach to ensure accurate assessment of cognitive abilities in a diverse community
• Alternating between the client's native language (Tagalog) and English based on the client's preference is the best approach to ensure cultural sensitivity in a Mental Status Examination
• The research study method utilized by the researchers to investigate the sudden and rapid occurrence of substance disorders is epidemiological research
• Chronic course


  A long-term and persistent pattern of symptoms and challenges associated with a mental disorder
• Etiology


  The study of the origins and causes of mental disorders, including biological, psychological, and social dimensions
• The problem of reliability with diagnostic systems reflects the issue of different psychologists providing different diagnoses for a person with a well-defined presenting problem
• Clinical interview


  The systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in an individual with a possible psychological disorder
• Neuropsychological testing


  An assessment that evaluates an individual's competence in various domains, including receptive and expressive language, attention and concentration, memory, motor skills, perceptual abilities, and learning and abstraction, to assess potential brain impairment
• Race and ethnicity play a significant role in influencing the identification of abnormal behavior based on social stereotypes
• Cultural Idioms of Distress


  Ways of expressing distress that may not involve specific symptoms or syndromes, but that provide collective, shared ways of experiencing and talking about personal or social concerns
• The behavioral perspective suggests that abnormal behaviors are learned by way of the same processes as normal behaviors
• Triskaidekaphobia


  The phobia of the number 13
• Khyal Cap is a Cambodian cultural syndrome characterized by symptoms resembling panic attacks, such as dizziness, palpitations, and shortness of breath, with catastrophic cognitions related to the belief in the rise of a windlike substance in the body causing serious effects
• Concepts of Distress


  • Cultural Idioms of Distress
  • Cultural Explanations
  • Cultural Syndromes
• Triskaidekaphobia


  Phobia of the number 13
• Khyal Cap


  Cambodian cultural syndrome characterized by symptoms resembling panic attacks, such as dizziness, palpitations, and shortness of breath, with catastrophic cognitions related to the belief in the rise of a windlike substance in the body causing serious effects
• Shen-k'uei


  Chinese cultural concept associated with "kidney deficiency"