DATES BY CHAPTER

• 1 relations in 1945

  Oct 1944 - percentages agreement

  Nov 1943 - Tehran conference = bugged Roosevelt's hotel

  1945 :

  Poland - polish officers killed by soviets dug up at Katyn plus abandoned at Warsaw

  Feb - Yalta (UN, declaration on liberated Europe, ussr gain land from Poland and the split of Germany)

  July - Potsdam (denazification, democratisation, demilitarisation and 25% extra reparations from western zones for USSR)

  Aug - bombs dropped in japan

  300,000 US deaths

  27 million soviet deaths
• 2 developing tensions up to 1948

  1946:

  feb - Kennan's long telegram 📝

  march - iron curtain

  1947:

  sep - Cominform

  salami tactics:

  Poland - Lublin government, merging peasant parties, Gomulka removed 1948

  Bulgaria - manipulated elections, Petkov executed, other parties banned in 1947

  Czechoslovakia - communism already popular (same in Romania) but Gottwald wants a cheeky bit of Marshall aid so Masaryk falls out the window and he's replaced by Benes
• 3 US involvement in Europe

  1947:

  jan - bizonia

  feb - Britain pull out of greek civil war

  march - Truman doctrine

  June - Marshall plan

  16 countries, £13.5 billion 💸

  1949 -comecon formed
• 4 conflict over Germany

  1948:

  feb - London conference

  June - deutchemark and blockade

  USA prove ability to deliver 200,000+ tonnes per month

  1949:

  April - nato formed

  may - blockade ends and FRD

  oct - GDR
• 5 widening of Cold War

  1949

  china falls to communism

  aug - ussr gains the bomb

  sept - NSC-68 - $37 billion

  1950

  jan - strategic defensive perimeter

  feb - sino-soviet alliance

  1951

  September - san Francisco peace treaty

  reverse course - super balanced budget, 4 million surplus, wage controls (all under Dodge)
• 6 korean war

  divided at 38th parallel (Sung in north and Rhee in south)

  1950

  feb - Stalin agrees to surrender weapons

  June - north invades south (UN involvement due to boycott)

  Nov - china involved (3000,000 Yalu river)

  1951

  June - first attempts at peace

  1953

  march - Stalin dies

  July - final peace agreed
• 7 increasing Cold War tensions

  why did McCarthyism rise?

  - HUAAC

  - 1951 - rosenburgs

  - 1950 - Alger hiss (former member of Roosevelt's wartime government)

  - patriotism following war

  what was its impact?

  - Asia first (after china 1949)

  - Britain can no longer be a partner

  UN and isolation of china

  - un headquarters in New York

  - many European members were Marshall aid recipients

  - ussr 75 vetos
• 8 alliances and shifts

  1952 - Eisenhower elected

  new look policies:

  retention of influence in Europe and Asia

  massive retaliation and brinksmanship

  (October 1953)

  alliances:

  sept 1954 - Seato

  may 1955 - west Germany enters nato (weapons.....)

  may 1955 - Warsaw pact

  indochina:

  US had funded 75% of war

  may 1954 - communist victory at die bien phu

  July 1954 - Geneva conference

  17th parallel
• 9 Khrushchev


  1955

  Austrian state treaty = cooperation

  Geneva summit = open skies rejected

  1956

  feb - secret speech

  June - polish rising - Gomulka back and has reforms if he stays in Warsaw pact (good)

  October - Hungarian rising - Imre Nagy - 31st October troops enter, 1st November Nagy announces withdrawal from Warsaw, 3rd - 4000 tanks, 4000 dead and Kadar installed

  Sep 1959 - CAMP DAVID

  may 1960 - Paris summit GARY POWERS
• 10 races + wall

  ARMS

  1952 - US H bomb (2500x powerful)

  1953 - USSR H bomb

  1957 - USSR ICMB then gaither report

  1958 - US ICMB

  1961 - tsar bomb

  SPACE

  1957 - sputnik and flopnik

  1958 - nasa

  1961 - Yuri Gagarin

  1969 - moon landing

  BERLIN

  nov 1958 - ultimatum

  2.7 million have left by 1961

  august 1961 - WALL

  standoff but no conflict at checkpoint Charlie
• 11 kennedy's Vietnam


  1960 - NLF formed

  operation beef up - secretly support arvn, increase us troops from 3,000 to 17,000, 400 green berets

  3000 strategic hamlets by 1962

  1 million flee land reforms in north

  may 1963 - buddhist crisis

  November - Kennedy and diem assassinated
• 12 CUBA


  jan 1959 - castro overthrows batista (bearded ones)

  feb 1960 - USSR economically aids cuba ($100 million in credit)

  soviet oil arrives in cuba, American companies refuse to refine it, Castro nationalises them ---> economic sanctions (sugar imports from cuba reduced 95%)

  October 1961 - bay of pigs 🐷

  MISSILES

  14th - spotted

  16th - Kennedy told + excomm (doves and hawks)

  22nd - missiles announced and blockade enforced

  24th - soviet ships comply with blockade

  26th - Khrushchev agrees removal if blockade lifted

  27th - he changes his mind and asks for removal in turkey

  28th - Kennedy agrees
• 13 johnson's Vietnam


  1963 - Johnson comes to power

  1964 - GoT 2nd/7th

  1965:

  feb - pleiku - elf attack on barracks

  may - rolling thunder

  nov - la drang valley

  1968:

  jan/feb - tet (25,000 NLF casualties)

  march - no re-election

  536,000 troops

  ranch hand = agent orange and agent blue (so badddd)
• 14 nixon in vietnam


  may 1968 - peace talks begin

  1969:

  march - launches menu in cambodia

  July - Nixon doctrine and vietnamisation

  aran troops 80,000 --> 1 million

  1970 - kent state shooting x4 and GoT revoked

  1971 - lam son in loas - 30,000 forced to retreat

  1972:

  Nixon visits china and Kissinger secretly visits Moscow

  47,000 troops
• 15 cooperation ��


  1963:

  June - hotline ☎️

  august - Moscow test ban (but can still test underground)

  1964 - Brezhnev

  1968 - non-proliferation (no France or china)

  1969 - arms talks begin

  they're both skint so have to slow down

  willy Brandt elected and Ostpolitik
• 16 pressures USSR


  1964 - Brezhnev comes to power

  PRAGUE SPRING 🌤️

  1963 - negative growth occurs

  ota sik begins demanding reform

  jan 1968 - dubecek comes to power

  military exercises, Warsaw letter ✉️ and.....

  invasion in august 100 dead and 400 wounded

  CHINA

  khrushchev vs mão perenal issues

  soviets aid India 1959

  1966 - cultural revolution

  1969 - border clashes
• 17 end of Vietnam war

  why slow? - Theiu wants to keep US troops, bombing in Hanoi and us election in November 1972

  jan 1973 - Paris peace agreement ✌

  1975 - US leave embassy and swift northern victory

  Cambodia - 1970 Lon Nol comes to power and doesn't build up army due to fear of coup ---> Khmer Rouge take over within a week of US leaving

  impact of Vietnam war - $167 billion, 250,000 civilians and 6 million acres destroyed
• 18 Detente


  1972:

  may - salt 1 - both limited to les than 2000 icbms but US have more and it doesn't restrict MIRVs or cruise missiles

  basic treaty (don't get involved, avoid nuclear tensions)

  1974 - Watergate and vladivostok

  1975 - Helsinki (borders, human rights and cultural exchanges)

  1979:

  xiaoping visits US (shuttle diplomacy = pressure on USSR)

  may - salt 2 agreed

  December - AFGHANISTAN = no more detente
• 19 second Cold War


  AFGHANISTAN

  PDPA fragmented and at risk of collapse and us alliance

  2500km border + Brezhnev doctrine = Soviet intervention

  us respond by economically aiding Pakistan and limiting fishing rights for ussr and implementing a grain embargo

  POLAND

  1979 - pope John Paul visits hoping Poland is 'mature enough to become non-conformists' x3

  1980 - food prices raised by 100% by government

  300,000 strike in gdansk shipyard --> solidarity formed under Lech Walesa and grows to 10 million members

  December 1981 - martial law

  LEADERSHIP CHANGES

  Neo-conservatism - Reagan and thatcher

  1980 - Carter doctrine (back in the game)

  1983 - SDI, evil empire and KAL007 (269 dead)
• 20 Africa and Americas

  Chile - 1973 Allende (democratic queen) removed in favour of Pinochet, convinces world bank to stop funding --> riots --> justified intervention

  Angola - 1974 soviets and cuba support MPLA and US and china support FNLA sending 25 million in supplies and 16 million in weapons, cuba send 52,000 and USSR initiate intervention

  Ethiopia - 1978 15,000 cuban troops but no one else is really bothered because its a territory issue

  Nicaragua - 1981 Sandinistas come to power and USA support dodgy contras ---> gang warfare and they fund it without congressional approval (selling weapons in Iran fml)

  Grenada - 1983 7000 strong task force to 'rescue' 1000 medical students from new jewel movement and he don't be telling thatcher
• 21 GORBACHEV


  problems already there: 25% of gnp had been spent on the military, gerontocracy since 1980 and dissident issues

  1985 - perestroika

  1986 - Sakharow free + Chernobyl = glasnost time

  economic changes:

  alcohol policies lead to 100 billion ruples cost in tax

  1987 - law on joint ventures (up to 49% foreign investment)

  1988 - law on state enterprises (wage control)

  overall leads to 13% deficit by 1988
• 22 SUMMITS


  geneva - symbolic but not productive and SDI discussed

  reykjavik - mutual aim to get the weapons gone in ten years

  washington - INF - banned between 500 and 5000km

  moscow - human rights and Reagan's university speech 🎓

  malta - no USSR in Eastern Europe, no US in baltic states

  Paris - accept end of soviet military superiority in Europe

  Moscow - START finalised
• 23 collapse of communism in Eastern Europe

  Poland - 1986 political prisoners freed and end to martial law, economic downturn leads to government asking solidarity for help in 1989 but they only go and win 160/161 seat in parliament

  Hungary - 1988 Kadar resigns and is replaced by Nemeth and borders open in may plus loan from West Germany 1 billion

  East Germany - 60,000 leave when borders open and protests against Honecker lead to border opening within germany

  Czechoslovakia - November 1989 velvet revolution with 800,000 people

  Romania - December 1989 Timisoara priest arrested ----> violent riots spread ---> army eventually turns against the government ---> ceaucescu executed on Christmas Day

  October 1989 - SINATRA 🎼
• 24 the end of the Cold War

  SOVIET UNION

  1988 - Azerbajin crisis

  1989 - baltic way (2 million form human chain)

  1991 - January 12 killed in Lithuania and coup against Gorbachev leading to resignation and rise of Yeltsin then creation of CIS in december

  GLOBALLY

  cuba - succesfully communist without Soviet Union following switch to tourism industry and eventually remove troops from Angola - Communist increased intervention leads to South Africa entering peace talks

  Nicaragua - us fund Chamorro instead of contras (1 million)

  El Salvador - peace accords signed 1992 following FMLN final push

  ethiopia - 1987 becomes foully marxist but opposition storm capital and conflict continues