PART 2

• Common Symptoms of Diabetes

  • Polyphagia (always hungry)
  • Polyuria (frequent urination)
  • Polydipsia (intense thirst)
• Diabetic patients are at risk for infection and have longer wound healing because the sugar breaks down collagen
• Water temperature of 115 F is required for giving bed bath
• Pediculosis


  Lice infestation on areas with hair
• Folliculitis


  Infection caused by hair follicles
• Macules


  Spots of discoloration
• Skin Discoloration

  • Pallor (Pale)
  • Cyanosis (Blue)
  • Jaundice (Yellow)
  • Erythema (Red)
• When inspecting a woman's cervix, it must be immobile, hard, and intact
• If patient has a neck/head injury, do not use a shampoo board when shampooing
• Hand rubbing


  Done when there is NO soap and water available in the area
• Hand hygiene


  Includes hand washing and hand rubbing
• Normal body temperature - 36.5 C
• Kyphosis


  Convex on the thoracic region
• Spinal Curvatures

  • Scoliosis (S-shaped)
  • Lordosis (inward curve at lower back)
• Injury due to bad posture - back injury
• Types of bleeding

  • Hematochezia (blood in stool)
• Hypoxemia


  Low oxygen in blood
• Hypoxia


  Reduced level of tissue oxygenation
• Hematocrit


  Cell volume
• Blood coagulants

  • Heparin
  • Warfarin
• Clubbing


  Nail bed angle greater than 180°. Causes enlargement of fingers and toes.
• Striae


  Medical term for stretch marks
• Abdominal Examination

  1. Auscultation is done to detect sound quality and bowel movements
• Borborygmi


  Stomach/abdominal sound as gas and food travel
• Stridor is heard during inhalation and wheezing is heard during exhalation of patient
• Antiemetic drugs


  For nausea and vomiting
• Knee chest position

  Also known as genupectoral position
• Orthopneic or tripod position


  Best used for promoting lung expansion or for lung or breathing problems
• Prone position


  For back surgery or if patient is at risk for aspiration
• PPE for contact precaution

  • Gown
  • Goggles
  • Gloves
• Gathering Vital Signs

  First thing to check is the temperature
• Diagnostics

  • Cystoscopy (Viewing of urinary bladder)
  • Bronchoscopy (Viewing of larynx, trachea and bronchi)
  • Mammography (Breast)
  • Pap Smear (Cervix)
  • CT Scan or Computed Tomography Scan
  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
  • Chest X-Ray / Radiography
• Percussion is to assess organs such as liver and spleen alongside with their sounds (tympanic or dull)
• • Hematemesis (vomiting blood)
• Hemoptysis (coughing blood)
• Hematuria (blood in urine)
• Epistaxis (nose bleeding)
• Diarrhea - loose stool
• Constipation - hard stools
• Dysuria - painful urination