Taxonomy

• Why do we classify organisms?

  Classification puts organisms into groups by looking at characteristics (traits) they share.
• The science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms.

  Taxonomy
• Classifying living things into groups based on their body structures (anatomy), DNA or other traits

  Taxonomy
• Why have a classification system? (3)

  Single, universal name

  Avoid confusion

  Understand how living things are related to one another
• Swedish botanical taxonomist

  Carolus Linnaeus
• He divided plants and animals into broad kingdoms.

  Carolus Linnaeus
• He then subdivided them into phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species.

  Carolus Linnaeus
• It is the least specific, largest group

  Kingdom
• The six kingdoms of life

  Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, and Archaebacteria
• grouping together related organisms' basis of their fundamental characteristics.

  Phylum
• is a taxonomic rank consisting of organisms that share a common attribute

  Class
• comprised of families sharing a set of similar nature or character.

  Order
• members of the same taxonomic family are more closely related to each other

  Family
• classified together based on relatedness or common features, such as sharing similarities or specific characteristics.

  Genus
• a group of organisms that consist of similar individuals capable of interbreeding or exchanging genes among themselves.

  Species
• is a diagram which shows the relationship between different organisms based on their different similarities. (other systems of classification)

  Cladograms
• is a diagram which shows the phylogenetic history of organisms with respect to the geological time scale. (other system of classification).

  Phylogeny
• The relationship are hypothetical and you can easily make on your own.

  Cladogram
• The relationships are backed by molecular evidence and should have access to DNA or other molecular data.

  Phylogenetic tree
• What determines how something is classified? (3)

  DNA, Structure, and Embryology and development
• does not have a nucleus to contain its DNA

  Prokaryotic
• has a membrane–bound nucleus

  Eukaryotic
• Prokaryotic (2)

  Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
• Eukaryotic

  Protista - single-celled
• Multicellular (3)

  Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia