negotiations and compromise

• deklerks new course

  • work towards equality
  • talk opposition groups
  • long-term political prisoners released
• mandela released 11th february 1990
• significance mandelas release

  • 70th birthday celebration 1988- broadcast to 67 countries for 11.5 hours
  • free nelson mandela song
  • internal ANC issues- lack control, grassroots and violence, no organisation
• influence desmond tutu

  • respected international relations- unite world against apartheid
  • influence both races as anglican priest
  • antiapartheid groups to act peacefully on basis reconciliation
• what change did deklerk bring

  • speech 1990- new course of power sharing
  • increasing threat pfp- 33%
  • unban parties and release mandela
  • last race based election 1990- NP won 48%
  • reduce military spending
• unbanning political parties

  • welcome rally 70,000 for tambo- position national chairman created in honour
  • contralesa formed 1987- anti apartheid front homelands
  • repeal group areas act 1991
  • Bantustans no more independence due to economy
• impact unrest and violence

  • 1980 and 90 rebellion due to being unskilled
  • violent white groups e.g. inkatha to keep status quo
  • military PAC- SAPLA target white and black opponents
  • police killed 11 crown ANC
  • AWB attacks 1990
• negotiations failure

  • SA gvnmt support IFP to dismantle ANC
  • Third force- weapons to IFP to split black vote
  • brutal killing after mandela release funded by government
  • intensification conflict e.g. kwazulu
  • operation vula- ANC smuggling freedom fighters
  • alexandria- 45 killed
  • ANC suspend talks
• Inkhata formed 1990 by Buthelezi

  white extremism- conservative party AWB
• negotiations a success

  • 1990- group areas act revoked
  • Hillbrow racially mixed
  • ANC suspend armed struggle 1990
  • black people purchase land in all SA
• negotiations political failure

  • ANC insist simple democracy but dekelerk want power sharing
  • NP propoganda against ANC- terrorists and communists e.g. slovo
  • police and army worried about future and dismantling security council
• CODESA 1

  • 1991
  • convention for a democratic south Africa
  • 19 groups- ANC, NP, IFP
  • conservative party and PAC boycott
  • declaration of intent- commit to reform e.g. democracy, proportional representation
  • white referendum- 69% support