earth and space

• stream of high-energy particle sent into space


  solar wind
• storms that look like huge arches


  prominences
• more than prominences; last only about 15 minutes


  solar flares
• cold black storm areas


  sunspots
• average size and temperature (solar system)


  sun
• rocky (solar system)

  mercury
• hottest (solar system)


  venus
• bigger than venus (solar system)


  earth
• same period of rotation as a period of revolution (solar system) 


  moon
• "red planet"


  mars
• "minor planets"


  asteroids
• gaseous; 11x


  jupiter
• gaseous; 9 1/2x


  saturn
• icy (solar system) 


  neptune
• icy; rotates counter-clockwise


  uranus
• coldest planet; tilted and elongated orbit


  pluto
• moon phases

  fill in the blank

  A) waxing crescent

  B) new moon

  C) waning crescent

  D) last quarter

  E) waning gibbous

  F) full moon

  G) waxing gibbous

  H) first quarter

  
• dirty snowballs


  comets
• chunk of rock or metal smaller than an asteroid (space)

  meteoroid
• a meteoroid as it burns up in the atmosphere, "shooting star" (sky)

  meteor
• a meteoroid that does not completely burn up (land)

  meteorite
• weakest tide; the moon's gravities cancel out one another

  neap tides
• strongest tide; moon is in the straight line

  spring tides
• north star; "handle"


  polaris
• brightest star; "dog star"

  sirius
• big bear


  ursa major
• little bear


  ursa minor
• big dog


  canis major
• little dog


  canis minor
• the hunter


  orion
• closest to the earth but is too small to be seen in the night sky

  proxima centauri
• visible in the night sky

  alpha centauri
• the winged horse


  pegasus
• distance that light travels in one year

  light year
• the galaxy where the solar system is

  milky way
• the explosion of the big star

  supernova
• remains of a supernova explosion with very strong gravity from which nothing can escape


  black hole
• layers of the earth

  fill in

  A) crust

  B) upper mantle

  C) lower mantle

  D) outer core

  E) inner core

  
• from the crust down to the rigid upper mantle

  lithosphere
• plate boundaries

  A) divergent plate boundary

  B) convergent plate boundary

  C) transform plate boundary