global organised crime

• What is global organised crime?

  Global organised crime refers to criminal activities that are planned coordinated and executed by criminal networks or groups that operate across national borders. These criminal organisations engage in various illegal activities such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, cybercrime, money laundering and arms smuggling
• Typical examples of organised crime

  Heroin- Afghanistan, Cocaine- Peru and Bolivia (made in Colombia)Sex trafficking- Brazil
• Drug trafficking


  the buying or selling of drugs illegally.Research has shown that drug cartels operating across international borders such as the Sinaloa Cartel in Mexico play a significant role in the global drug trade.Ndrangetta- 500 year old gang in Italy
• Sex trafficking


  Studies have documented the transnational nature of human trafficking, with criminal networks involved in the recruitment transportation and exploitation of vulnerable individuals. Research often focuses on regions where this crime is prevalent such as Brazil, south east Asia and eastern Europe
• Money laundering


  When illegally obtained money is put into or through a business to hide its origin.The Panama paper leak in 2016revealed the extent of global money laundering networks. This research exposed how wealthy individuals and corporations often use offshore accounts and shall companies to hide assets and evade taxes, highlight the global reach and impact of financial crimes.Spotify was used to launder money
• Causes of global organised crime

  Globalisation has facilitated the expansion of organised crime as it allows criminals to exploit differences in legal systems and take advantage of global communication and transportation networks. Kinahans (Irish drug lords)
• Effects of global organised crime

  this type of crime not only possesses significant threats to national security but also contributes to social and economic inequalities.it can undermine the rule of law, corrupt institutions and have devastating impacts on local communities
• What is a narco-state?

  A political and economic term applied to countries whereall legitimate institutions become penetrated by the power and wealth of the illegal drug tradeand law and order is difficult or impossible to impose.Afghanistan - OpiumIran - Meth
• Taylor - global crime impacts on all social classes


  Claims globalisation creates crime at both ends of the social spectrum Lower social groups- lack of legitimate employment opportunities caused by outsourcing to cheaper labour pools meaning illegal options become more rational Higher social groups- Globalisation of money markets has led to an increase of insider trading tax evasion and wide scale fraud
• Hobbs and Dunningham - glocal crime

  Use the term glocal organisation to explain how new types of gang structure have emerged that are locally based but with international links. Such new structures do not have the same old rigid family based hierarchal structure typified by the Italian American mafias of the 1930s.They are much more fluid, flexible and faster to respond to emerging opportunities. County lines
• Glenny - McMafia


  Claims that the recent increase of eastern European gangs are an illustrative example of the social, cultural and political changes since the fall of communism in 1990.

  Many corrupt KGB officials bought up Cole steel and mineral industries at low prices and sold them onto western markets making billions in the process.

  Many ex-KGB have morphed into criminal gangs with global connection.