geography

• rivers geography


  Nile, Euphrates, Tigris
• seas geography


  Black, Red, Mediterranean, Arabian
• Deserts geography


  Sahara
• earth quakes geography


  Turkey earthquake -

  6th February 2023,

  7.8 on scale,

  Total damage - 118 billion pounds, 60,000 dead, 120,000 injured
• population distribution and density

  climate - high temperatures in desert areas

  availability of water - high population density along the Nile

  Coastal region has higher population density
• Ethnic groups

  • Arabs are the biggest group, speaking Arabic
  • 80% of Turkey, are ethnic Turks, speak Turkish
  • there are Kurds in Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria speaking Kurdish
• impact on Syria war

  • 22 million had to flee their homes
  • around 7 million internally displaced
  • countries that neighbour Syria, have struggled coping with all the refugees
  • 85% of Syrians live in poverty
  • 2 million children are out of school
• food insecurity

  • people don't have access to enough food
  • in UK, we have enough food , because we import a lot of it
  • reasons for UK food risk:
  • increase population
  • climate change
• how to manage food risk

  greenhouses - allow us to grow crops all year round

  hydroponics - using water, not soil to grow crops
• key terms

  through flow - water flows slowly through soil until it reaches a river

  water management - programmes to control rivers
• key terms


  urbanisation - increase of people living in towns or cities

  HDI - looks at 3 things, wealth, health, education
• key terms 


  pollution - chemicals or substances that have a harmful or poisonus effect to the environment

  precipitation - any form of water falling from the sky: rain, snow, hail
• key terms 


  water store - a build up of water that has collected on or below the ground

  water stress - when the demand for water exceeds the available amount
• key terms 


  impermeable - not allowing water to pass through

  permeable - allowing water to pass through
• key terms 


  aquifer - an underground store of water formed naturally

  groundwater - water contained beneath the surface
• LIC 


  primary industry give more jobs

  sells raw materials at low price

  high birth, death rate

  high infant mortality

  shorter life expectancy

  faster population increase

  less money for healthcare

  lack money for education

  low literacy rate
• HIC


  more secondary industries

  sells manufactured goods at high price

  lower birth, death rate

  slow population increase

  lots of money spent on healthcare

  good education
• how does solar panels prevent poverty?

  • clean energy
  • can generate electricity
  • allows them to study
  • get jobs
  • equals money - stable life
• development indicators

  • help us measure development
  • adult literacy rate
  • access to food
  • life expectancy
  • GNI per person
  • HDI
• renewable energy 


  wind - wind turbines

  solar - solar panels

  biofuel - energy from waste

  tidal - flow of the tides

  geothermal - energy from underground
• demand for food

  • price increase
  • people can't afford it
  • malnourished
  • death
• Case study - Malawi 


  LIC

  • landlocked
  • most people work as farmers
  • cash crops
  • tobacco is a cash crop , farmers sell and grow it, because people smoke -> more money