virology namin

• Virus


  Small, infectious agent requiring a host for reproduction.
• SARS-CoV-2


  Coronavirus causing COVID-19, with spikes on its surface.
• Capsid


  Protein coat surrounding viral genetic material.
• RNA Virus


  Virus with RNA as genetic material, like influenza virus.
• DNA Virus


  Virus with DNA as genetic material, like herpesviruses.
• Endocytosis


  Process where materials enter a cell enclosed in plasma membrane.
• Bacteriophage


  Virus infecting bacteria, abundant biological entity on Earth.
• Reverse Transcription


  Process converting RNA to DNA before PCR.
• Glycoproteins


  Proteins on viral envelope crucial for attachment to host cells.
• Lytic Cycle


  Viral replication cycle leading to host cell death.
• Lysogenic Cycle


  Viral replication cycle incorporating viral DNA into host genome.
• Antigen Test


  Method detecting viruses by identifying specific antibodies in the body.
• Helical Virus


  Virus with genetic material encased in a protein helix.
• Icosahedral Virus


  Virus with a symmetrical shape resembling a geometric sphere.
• Enveloped Virus


  Virus with an outer lipid envelope derived from host cell membrane.
• Non-Enveloped Virus


  Virus lacking an outer lipid envelope.
• Polymerase


  Enzyme synthesizing polymers of DNA or RNA.
• Genetic Material


  DNA or RNA in viruses, not both simultaneously.
• Viral Protein


  Structural and non-structural proteins involved in viral life cycle.
• Carbohydrates


  One of the components of viruses along with nucleic acid and protein.
• Replication


  Process of viral genome replication and protein synthesis.
• Assembly


  Formation of new viral particles, aided by Golgi apparatus.
• Release


  Methods of viral exit from host cells.
• Animal Viruses


  Viruses infecting animals, with varying host ranges.
• Plant Viruses


  Viruses infecting plant species, often transmitted by insect vectors.
• Bacterial Viruses


  Bacteriophages infecting bacteria, abundant and studied for biotechnological applications.