STS

• Human being


  • Defined as a species called Homo sapiens
  • Has the power of articulate speech
  • Has superior mental development
  • Has bipedalism and upright stance
• Rational animal


  (According to Aristotle) A human can think and use reason consistently, and is the only one with spiritual beliefs
• Rational choice theory


  A model of human decision making where individuals act in line with their personal preferences
• Characteristics of humans that evolved over time

  • Walking upright
  • Use of different tools
  • Domestication of animals
  • Changes in human body
  • Complexity of brain
  • Development of social life
  • Use of language and symbols
• Flourishing


  (According to Aristotle) A descriptor of positive mental health, where a man's life has a purpose and the function of life is to attain that purpose
• Well-being theory by Martin E.P. Seligman

  • Human flourishing is not only focused on happiness but also in psychological well-being
  • Rests on five pillars: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment
• Changes happening to human beings

  Due to adaptation and the need to survive
• Evolution of human society

  • Hunters and gatherers
  • Shifters and farmers
  • Manufacturing/processing
  • Future man-made world
• Classification of society (Alvin Toffler)


  • First wave society (replaced hunters/gatherers after agrarian revolution)
  • Second wave society (period of industrialization/mass production)
  • Third wave society (post-industrialized society/modern technology)
• Kinds of technology


  • Energy technology
  • Equipment technology
  • Information technology
  • Life technology
  • Materials technology
• Substitution


  Technologies replaced by new/better ones
• Diffusion


  Adopted technologies
• National development indicators


  • Gross domestic product
  • Per capita income
  • Income distribution
  • Gross national product
  • Employment rate
  • Structure of labor force
  • Human life expectancy
  • Percentage of urban population
• National Development Indicators


  • Gross Domestic Product
  • Per Capita Income
  • Income Distribution
  • Gross National Product
  • Employment Rate
  • Structure of Labor Force
  • Human Life Expectancy
  • Percentage of Urban Population
• Gross Domestic Product


  Measures either the income or expenditures within the country
• Per Capita Income


  Average income earned by a person in particular place
• Income Distribution


  Measures how the GDP of a country is distributed equally
• Gross National Product


  Sum of all the goods and services produced in a country per year by its people
• Employment Rate


  Measure at which all the available labor resources are utilized
• Structure of Labor Force


  Sum of all the men and women who are able to work, employed or unemployed
• Human Life Expectancy


  Average number of years an individual or a group of people could be expected to live
• Percentage of Urban Population

  Percentage of people living in urbanized area not depending upon agricultural products and other government services