biology

• genes- codes for different proteins


  can be turned off and on
• differenatation- cells that become different cells from mitosis
• chromosones- have genes

  genes are switched on and off

  the genes that are switched on go onto to become a different cell eg nerve cell.
• oxygenated- contains oxygen
• deoxygenated- contains co2 not oxygen
• pulmonary- involves lungs
• B4- valves- open and close to prevent backflow (blood going back on itself)
• B4- if the valves dont open enough back flow will occur and it can cause fatigue as less respiration occurs
• B4- circulary system- the heart has a wall in between atriums because the two types of blood cannot mix ( deoxygenated and oxygenated)
• pulmonary (oxygenated cells) comes from the lungs on the left
• B4- aorta - oxygenated - to body cells on the right side
• B4 - left atrium- top chamver
• B4- left ventricle ( wall is thicker then the right because this blood goes to the whole body not just the lungs. needs more force to push it)
• cardiac muscle tissue (cells) what the heart is made out of B4
• B4- right ventricle- thinner because this blood is only transported to the lungs lower chamber
• B4- right atrium upper chamber
• vena cava - deoxygenated cells from body cells
• b4- heart structure- a force is applied to push and squeeze out the blood (contractions/beating)
• pressure- force
• haemoglobin- protein
• biconcave- curves in on both sides
• plasma- fluid part of blood . carries everything such as glucose co2 , lactic acid apart from oxygen
• artery- transports blood away from heart
• artery- thick outer wall of muscle
• artery- thick muscle due to high pressure
• vein - has valves, transports blood towards heart and oval shape
• capillary- carrys blood to and from every cell in body
• capillary- one atom thin to alllow substances to diffuse through
• red blood cells- biconcave shape allows larger surface area meaning more oxygen can be diffused faster
• red blood cells- no nucleus this allows more space for oxygen inside
• red blood cells - contains haemoglobin which oxygen binds or sticks to
• adaptions of alveoli- bumps (larger surface area means oxygen diffuses faster)
• adaptions of alveoli- 1 cell thick- diffusion occurs faster
• the role of gaseous exchange system- transfers oxygen into blood and remove carbon dioxde from it. to do this lungs contain millions of small sacs called alveoli
• deoxygenated particles enter alveoli through capillaries. and red blood cells,

  its then diffused into alveoli, and its exited

  air in is oxygenated and its diffused into capillaries and red blood cells
• digestive system- breaks down food and biomass and its absorbed into the blood for energy
• digestive system- large intestine is thicker but shorter
• digestive system - small intestines are thinner but longer
• digestive system- good bacteria in inestines compete with oathigens and bad bacteria for space and food
• digestive system- enzymes are found in stomach mouth and large intestines to break it down