coaches - physical landscape

• constructive waves- long wavelength, low frequency, low energy, low amplitude they build beaches
• waves have a circular orbit but then as the fricton slows it it becomes slower and eliptical
• backwash- the movement of water backwards against the beach due to the force of the waves
• constructive waves- backwash is weak but wash is strong
• wash- comes in at an angel and backwash is at 90 degress
• destructive waves- destroy beaches
• destructive waves- strong backwash which brings the beach with it and a weak swash
• Weathering is the process of breaking up or

  dissolving rocks in situ. It is the physical and

  chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals at

  or near the Earth’s surface.
• Weathering is the process of breaking up or

  dissolving rocks in situ. It is the physical and

  chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals at

  or near the Earth’s surface.
• Types of Weathering

  Chemical Weathering

  Carbonation – Carbon dioxide, dissolved in

  rainwater forms a weak carbonic acid. This reacts

  with calcium carbonate (limestone and chalk)

  which forms calcium bicarbonate.

  Hydrolysis – Acidic rainwater reacts with minerals

  in granite, causing it to crumble.

  Oxidation – Oxygen dissolved in water reacts with

  iron-rich minerals causing rocks to crumble.
• Chemical weathering


  The break down of rock due to chemical changes
• Landslide


  Rapid mass movement of surface material down a slope
• Mass movement


  The downhill movement of material under gravity
• Key Terms


  • Coastal Landscapes
• Weathering is the process of breaking up or dissolving rocks in situ. It is the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth's surface.
• Types of Weathering


  • Chemical Weathering
  • Mechanical Weathering
• Carbonation


  Carbon dioxide, dissolved in rainwater forms a weak carbonic acid. This reacts with calcium carbonate (limestone and chalk) which forms calcium bicarbonate.
• Hydrolysis


  Acidic rainwater reacts with minerals in granite, causing it to crumble.
• Oxidation


  Oxygen dissolved in water reacts with iron-rich minerals causing rocks to crumble.
• Freeze-thaw


  Mechanical weathering process
• Salt weathering


  Crystals of salt grow in cracks and expand causing rock fragments to flake away
• Mechanical weathering


  The breakdown of rock without chemical changes
• Rockfall


  Fragments of rock break away from the cliff face
• Slumping


  Cliffs slide down a curved slip plane
• weatheing- the weathering of rocks by the action of water, wind, and ice
• biological weathering- plants growing in cracks in rocks, roots break down rock, or animals borrowing in expanding cracks
• mechanical weathering - night temp reaches freezing and freezes the water and as it reaches day temp it melts and as this processs repeats it breaks away fragments of rock
• rockfall

  Scree

  Fragments of rock break

  away from the cliff face

  due to weathering e.g.

  freeze-thaw.
• slumping

  soft rock (east coast and from ice age) is saturated from waves and surface run off and rainfall, as it absorbs water it becomes heavy and the weight is to heavy to be supported and it begins to slump
• landslides- resistent rock but the base is eroded and creates notche
• land slides as the notch increases in size the weight is to heavy to support therefore falling
• mudflow- ground is full of water ( and soil) and its saturated and slumps down into lobe shape
• chemical weathering- soluable lime stone is carried and transportation
• hydrolisis- acid rain causes rock to rot
• headlands and bay- headlands are the more resistant rock, bays are the less resistant rock
• headlands and bays rock case study- dorset swanage bay
• dorset case study (headlands and bays)

  ballard headlands

  swanage bays

  peveril headlands
• headlands and bays are formed by erosion ( hydrolic action)

  for headlands to form you need less resistant rock and more resistant rock

  hydrolic action and abrasion will erode the layers of rock, leaving the harder rock to stick out and the softer rock to erode ( bays)
• headlands and bays- beach and sea caves at the bottem of bays
• layers of rock perpendicular to the coast line is discordant coast