AO1

• Forgetting


  Occurs due to insufficient cues. When info is stored, associated cues are stored simultaneously. Retrieval failure occurs if cues aren't present at recall.
• Encoding specificity principle


  The cue must be a) present at encoding and b) present at retrieval. If the cues are different there will be some forgetting.
• Mnemonic techniques


  Cues encoded in a meaningful way
• Context-dependent forgetting


  Recall depends on external cue
• State-dependent forgetting


  Recall depends on internal cue
• Research on context-dependent forgetting

  • Godden and Baddeley studied deep-sea divers who learned a list of words underwater or on land and were then asked to recall either on land or underwater. When the contexts were different accurate recall was 40% lower.
• Research on state-dependent forgetting

  • Carter and Cassaday gave antihistamine drugs to patients, creating a different internal physiological state. Patients had to learn lists of words and passages of prose and then recall the info. In mismatched conditions (learning on/off drug, recall on/off drug), performance was significantly worse.