LESSON 3.3

• Karl Marx

  • societies all over the world have undergone the process of evolution
• FOUR MAJORE STAGES OF EVOLUTION OF SOCIETIES by KARL MARX

  • Prehistoric
  • Precapitalist
  • Capitalist
  • Communist
• PREHISTORIC

  • selfless and cooperative beings
  • possessing no private property
  • lived by hunting and gathering
  • abundance of supply of foods
  • no division of labor, social classes, war
  • people live in peace and contentment
  • was a paradise-like society (Tannenbaum & Schultz, 2004)
• PRECAPITALISM

  • agricultural society
  • period of slavery (ancient)
  • period of serfdom (medieval
• Period of Slavery

  • masters and slaves
  • development of agriculture
  • people started to cultivate
  • gave birth to private property and division of labor
  • birth to social classes and establishment of social institutions
• Period of Serfdom

  • lords replaced the masters and serfs replace the slaves
  • some changes in modes of productions (inventions of better tools)
  • lords had lesser powers than masters
  • serfs enjoyed freedom that are not enjoyed by slaves
• CAPITALISM

  • economic and political system in which economic affairs of the society are managed and controlled by private individuals
  • Bourgeoisie: capitalism; owners of the means of productions
  • Proletariat: laborers
  • overproduction and oppression are inherent
• COMMUNISM

  • political theory that abolishes private property
  • private property: root cause of all evils in the society
  • all private properties will be confiscated and owned in common
  • each will work according to ability but will receive according to needs
  • no classes in the society
  • no competition but cooperation