The Early Party

• 3 important events in Hitler's early life

  mum died, dad died, rejected from Academy of Arts in Vienna
• where was Hitler born and why did he leave here

  Austria-Hugary. fled to Munich in 1913 to avoid military service in Austria
• Hitler's experience of WW1

  volunteered for German army. served the 16th Bavarian reserve infantry regiment on western front. became lance corporal and won the Iron Cross 2nd & 1st class. partook in battle of Somme. blinded by gas attack
• how did Hitler react to Germany's surrender


  angered, felt that Germany had been humiliated, ashamed. blamed politicians
• what job did Hitler get after the war

  became an informant for the army's intelligence department in munich
• how did Hitler discover the DAP (German Worker's Party founded in Feb 1919)

  1919 sent to a DAP meeting by the intelligence department. he spoke out and impressed the party's leader, Anthon Drexler
• Hitler's initial role in the DAP


  made responsible for recruitment and propaganda due to public speaking skills.
• DAP to NSDAP


  Hitler changed the party's name to nationalist socialist German worker's party Feb 1920 to appeal to as many types of people as possible
• the 25 point program


  presented by Hitler in Feb 1920 in a Nazi party meeting. it outlined Hitler and Drexler's vision for a perfect Germany including their intention to segregate Jews from "Aryan" society
• the Sturmabteilung (SA)


  formed in 1921, led by Ernts Rohm. a paramilitary groupfor the Nazi party. 1921-23 used to disrupt social democratic party and communist party meetings whilst protecting their own
• Fuhrerprinzip


  Hitler believed this meant he should have absolute authority and power over the party
• when did Hitler become the leader of the party

  July 1921
• topics used by Hitler in public speeches to gain support

  anti-weimar criticisms, referenced to Aryan race and anti-semitic comments about Jews
• the People's Observer


  newspaper bought up by the Nazis in 1920 to spread the word of the Nazi party
• the protocols of the elders of zion

  an antisemitic fabricated text describing a Jewish plan for global domination. 23 editions printed under the Nazis
• Gleichschaltung


  all organisations in society must be affiliated to the nazi party and join official nazi organisations so the whole of society can be coordinated by the party
• hitlers view on democracy vs dictatorship (kaiser)

  democracy has made Germany weak as there are too many parties resulting in coalitions and an unstable government. Germany needs a strong dictatorship like the Kaiser
• Volksgemeinschaft


  means 'People's Community'. used by nazis toargue that some people in Germany could never truly be German. all Aryan Germans were members of Volksgemeinschaft and were loyal first and only to the state
• Lebensraum


  Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people
• Social Darwinism


  The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
• Weltjudentum


  the Jewish World Conspiracy.
• the Aryan race


  the pure Germanic race. the master race. sees Jewish race as a threat that must be eliminated
• when was the Munich Putsch


  8-9 November 1923
• where did Hitler take inspiration from

  Mussolini's march on Rome in Oct 1922. Italian fascists seized power from the democratic gov. involved 30,000 blackshirts. King feared civil war and made Mussolini prime minister
• examples of the supposed links between jews and communists/politicians

  Rosa Luxembuorg- Jewish communist rebel. Friedrich Ebert- Jewish democratic politician
• does the ToV anger Hitler and why

  Hitler detested the ToV as he wanted to regain what had been lost e.g. land, armed forces etc. this was a huge motive for the Munich Putsch. Stresemann had called off passive resistance in Ruhr and decided to honor ToV and pay reparations in autumn 1923.
• who told Hitler he was banned from public speaking and why

  Bavarian PM Gustav von Kahr wanted to overthrow the Weimar Republic (he was right wing) and told Hitler he could join if he made no speeches as he could uncover their plan
• what ideas was Hitler obsessed with

  Dolschstoss, Weltjudentum, Aryan race
• how did HItler gain popularity

  extremely charismatic. skillful speaker. could whip crouds into a frenzy. fanatic hand movements and gestures. leeched off of his followers' nationalistic ideologies.
• what happened to Germany in 1923 and how

  hyperinflation. gov printed money to pay workers during passive resistance in the Ruhr which F & B occupied after Germany claimed inability to pay reparations. German currency became worthless
• what happened to Nazi party in 1920s

  Nazi Party grew rapidly. Hitler became well-known figure in Bavarian politics
• stats to support this ^

  1920- 1,100. 1923- 55,000. Hitler believed this to be large enough for a take over but compared to entire population of Germany it was not sufficient
• why did Hitler think the German army (elite e.g. Ludendorff) would supprt him in his Putsch in Nov 1923

  saw that Mussolini gained army's support. many members = right wing so assumed they would follow him. knew that key players* never fully supported Weimar so with their support a Putsch was feasible
• name the key players

  General Ludendorff, Gustav von Kahr, General Otto von Lossow, Hans Seiser
• General Ludendorff


  popular WW1 hero. involved in Kapp Putsch. opposed to democracy, right wing. joined Hitler in Munich Putsch
• Gustav von Kahr


  Bavarian state Comissioner. wanted monarchy back. right wing
• General Otto von Lossow


  Commander of German army in Bavaria. right wing
• Hans Seiser


  Head of Bavarian State police. right wing
• von=of


  members of well-established families, upper class. feared communist revolution
• how did the Putsch really turn out

  Hitler + 600 Nazis seized Burgerbraukeller. K, S + L were attending a meeting there. gained their support (gunpoint, sideroom). K, S + L later let go, called police on Hitler.